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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the ethics of sports psychology, what is meant by: Competence Consent/confidentiality Integrity Personal conduct Research ethics Social responsibility |
Competence - Knowing your boundaries and being trained and qualified Consent/confidentiality - Keep things confidential Integrity - Don't give guarantees that you can do sth Personal conduct - Don't discriminate due to lack of ability Research ethics - Share results w/others Social responsibility - Have initiative to refer out if you know you can't do something |
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Measures of personality fall on what spectrum? What three ways are there to measure personality? Ex? |
Internal ----> External General to sport and competition; general anxiety test Specific to the sport itself; tennis interpersonal test Projective test; not used in sports psyc |
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What are the four parts to concentration in sport? |
Focusing on relevant cues in environment via selective attention Maintaining attentional focus during entire comp Continual situational awareness (peripheral scanning & understanding opponent) Shifting, flexible attentional focus |
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In attentional focus, explain the difference between: Broad external, and broad internal focuses |
Broad external = manycues at once, outward focus, environmental conditions that affect performance -- 'taking it all in' Broad internal = manycues at once, integrating thoughts and feelings; figuring out the “game plan” -- Whatthis could mean/where you're going/where you've been/etc |
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In attentional focus, explain the difference between: Narrow external, and narrow internal focuses |
Narrow external = onecue at one time, outward focus on person or object; watching the referee/watching one thing
Narrow internal = onecue at one time, inward focus thoughts, feelings, rehearse movements; one cue, ability to flick it on/off |
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What are five examples of internal distractors that could cause distractibility? |
1 - Attend to past and/or future events (consequences of outcomes) 2 - Overanalyze/overcompensation of body movements 3 - Fatigue 4 - Inadequate challenge or perception of relevance (makes you overconfident & underdog beats you 5 - High arousal levels |
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In distractibility, what is choking usually due to?
How does it occur? |
Negative, narrow internal focus where can stop negative internal thoughts Progressively builds up under stressful situations |
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What are six external distractors? How can they be mitigated? |
1 - Visual (lights/crowd/competitors/media/etc) 2 - Auditory (crowd/music/coach/self/etc) 3 - Tactile (uniforms/competitors hitting you) 4 - Temperature (uncomfortably hot/cold) 5 - Gamemanship (intimidation/verbalization) 6 - Evaluation (presence of important others) Expecting distractors = reduces distractibility |
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Name some of the eight characteristics of being in the zone/in a state of flow
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Automatic processing Balance of challenge and skill Effortless movement Clear goals Total concentration, absorption Time perception – slower or faster than actual Loss of self-consciousness Sense of control |
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Self-talk can be a type of internal distractor or enhancer.
What are the three types of self-talk? |
Positive - energy/effort/attitude (power/focus/I can I will) Instructional - skills and movements (lift, knees out, fast feet) Negative - critical, self denigrating (stupid/what was I thinking), creates anxiety, self-doubt |
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Self-talk can be a type of internal distractor or enhancer. What are the two uses and some examples? |
Motivatioanl or instructional
Break bad habits, acquire new skills Enhance concentration/focus Increase confidence, self-efficacy Increase motivation Regulate arousal levels Pump us up/open up peripheral vision Create/alter a mood Cope with difficulty (physical, emotional) Cope with pain/injury/enhance rehab |
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Self-talk can be a type of internal distractor or enhancer. What are some ways that self-talk can be used effectively? |
Metaphors Present focused Positive, process focused: "What to do", vs. "what not to do" (ironic effects) Emphasize what can be controlled, understand what to accept, what to ignore Repeated, rehearsed Catching yourself w/negative-self talk Practiced in varying situations |
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The following are ways to improve attention, concentration, and focus: Self monitoring, optimal physical training of skills, simulation training, centering; dropping comparisons/judgements of self and others; mental rehearsals of movement/day; practice shifting attention How do the following work to improve attention, concentration, and focus: Anticipatory skill training; attentional style choice (hint 4); reducing cognitive interference; cue words; planning; routines/rituals; performance direction |
Anticipatory skill training = reaction ball w/coach throwing it from behind them Attentional style (more associative in intense competition as its harder to focus away): - Associative internal = on your breath, ITB sore, thinking about how to solve problem while running - Associative external = how fast you're going/placing/still you, but outside your feelings - Dissociative internal = daydreaming, not thinking about the running or anything else - Dissociative external = looking at the trees, flowers, bird/don't want to think about what I'm feeling Reduce cog. interference = thought-stopping Cue words = simple/positive/focus on strengths Planning = for crucial moments; contingencies Routines/rituals = reduce distractions/one step at a time/reassure self/give self control Performance direction = performing in each moment, not for the moment/not for what could happen/not for what the moment could give you |
