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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Coronary Artery Disease
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The most common pathological condition, it is caused by fatty deposits lining the arterial walls leading to the narrowing of medium and large arteries.
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Atherosclerosis
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A common form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances form a deposit of plaque on the inner lining of arterial walls.
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Arteriosclerosis
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Degenerative changes in the arteries, characterized by thickening of the vessel walls and accumulation of calcium with consequent loss of elasticity and lessened blood flow.
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Myocardial infarction
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Heart attack; occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked for long enough that part of the heart dies/ damages
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Angina
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Chest discomfort due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart
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Stroke
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Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain resulting in loss of consciousness, often followed by paralysis, or embolism or thrombosis affecting a cerebral vessel
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Hypertension
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Elevation of the blood pressure, especially the diastolic pressure
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Electrocardiogram
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EKG/ ECG is a simple test that, painless test that records the heart's electrical activity
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Echocardiogram
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A test that uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the heart
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Stress test
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A test used in cardiology and medicine to measure the heart's ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environement
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Chronic pain
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Dull, burning pain that is long lasting
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Acute pain
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A sharp, stinging pain that is short lived and usually related to tissue damage
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Insulin
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Used in the treatment of diabetes to restore the normal ability of the body to to utilize sugars and other carbohydrates
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Glucose
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A carbohydrate and the most important simple sugar in human metabolism
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Sleep apnea
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A temporary suspension of breathing occurring in some adults during sleep
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Narcolepsy
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Frequent and uncontrollable periods of deep sleep
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Gate Control Theory
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Proposed by Melzack and Wall (1965) that there is a "neural" gate in the spinal cord that regulates the experience of pain
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Type 1 Diabetes
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The pancreas stops making insulin, a hormone that enables people to get energy from food
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Type 2 Diabetes
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Blood glucose levels are too high
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Gestational diabetes
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High blood sugar that starts or is first diagnosed during pregnancy
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Hyperglycemia
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An abnormally high level of glucose in the blood
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Hypoglycemia
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When blood sugar is too low
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Afferent neurons
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A neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord
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Efferent neurons
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A neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord
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ART/ HAART
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Highly active antiretroviral therapy is the combination of several antiretroviral medicines used to slow the rate at which HIV makes copies of itself
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Kaposi Sarcoma
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Cancerous tumor of the connective tissues associated with AIDS
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REM
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A stage in the normal sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity
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CPAP
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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a machine that helps a person who has obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) breathe more easily during sleep.
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HIV vs AIDS
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HIV is the virus that attacks the T cells in the immune system
AIDS is the disease caused by HIV |
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Adherence and HIV
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The primary cause of drug resistance is the lack of regimen of patients on HAART
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Cancer's main treatment elements (4)
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-Chemeotherapy
-Radiation therapy -Targeted cancer therapies -Transplantion |
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Treatments for sleep apnea (4)
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-Lifestyle changes
-Mouthpieces -Breathing devices -Surgery |
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Phases of sleep (5)
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Phase 1: Light sleep
Phase 2: Eye movement stops and brain waves slow Phase 3: First stage of deep sleep Phase 4: Second stage of deep sleep Phase 5: REM |
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Stimulus control strategies for sleep
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Stimulus control therapy is employed to break negative associations of the bed as a place of frustration.
-Avoid looking at the clock -Never lie in bed for 20-30 min w/o sleeping |
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Major sleep hygiene techniques (5)
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-Using bedroom for sleep or sex
-Exercise regularly -Regular bedtime and waking time -Relaxation techniques and bedroom routine -Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and TV close to bedtime |
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Risk factors for Coronary Artery Diease (10)
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-Age -High blood cholesterol
-Sex -Diabetes -Smoking -Obesity -Family -Physical Inactivity -High Blood Pressure -High stress |
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Role of the cardiovascular system
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Blood, heart, and blood vessels
Acts as the transport system of the body for blood and nutrients |
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Major diabetes complications (5)
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-Retinopathy (retina damage)
-Nephropathy (kidney damage) -Neuropathy (nerve damage) -Cardiovascuar disease -Blindness |
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Main diabetes self management requirements (5)
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-No smoking/ alcohol use
-Effecive coping and family involvement -Self regulation, control, discipline -Diet and exercise -Lifelong management |
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Relationship between psychological disorders, anxiety, depression, and pain
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Factors such as stress, depression, anxiety, and cognitive functions impact opening and closing of the Neural Gate
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