Psy3230 Theories Of Crime

Front 1

What are the 6 most common reasons people commit murder?

Back 1

Argument or Dispute, Revenge, Greed, Infanticide, Rape & Thrill Kill

Front 2

Why is theory important in forensic psychology?

Back 2

to understand why people offend and to inform management, rehabilitation, treatment, and sentecing of offenders

Front 3

Offending is viewed as a type of what from a psychological perspective?

Back 3

type of anti social behaviour as a result of the interaction between the individual and the environment

Front 4

The study of forensic psychology needs theories to explain what four factors associated with the age variations in anti social behaviour?

Back 4

onset, persistence, escalation, & desistance

Front 5

What is Lombroso known for?

Back 5

developing a checklist of physical features assocaited with criminals

Front 6

What was the theretical basis for Lombroso's checklist for physical features associated with criminals?

Back 6

early criminological theory influenced by darwinism which asserts that criminal are 'born not made'

Front 7

What did Lombroso do that led to the development of his checklist for physical features associated with criminals?

Back 7

developed a list of several common physical characteristics based on autopsy's of convicts

Front 8

What was the fundamental flaw with Lombroso's theory?

Back 8

he only autopsied criminals

Front 9

What are some characteristics that Lombroso included in his checklist for physical features associated with criminals?

Back 9

- small, sloping forehead - small head but large face - large potruding ears - high cheek bones - beaked nose or flat nose - large sinus cavaties - long arms - think neck - strong jaw line

Front 10

What are two main tools used to measure risk and need in youth?

Back 10

SAVRY (Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth) & YLS/CMI (Youth Level of Service/Case Management History)

Front 11

Describe the YLS/CMI.

Back 11

1. 43 items 2. meausures risk, need and responsivity factors in adolescents who have had contact with the criminal justice system 3. Validated for use in females and males aged 12 to 17 4. Uses file infomration , self report and collateral report information, as well as other formal assessments

Front 12

Gang-affiliated youth offenders are more likely to have higher scores on what four items on the SAVRY and YLS/CMI?

Back 12

peer delinquency, history of violence, history of substance abuse, and history of weapon use

Front 13

How many times more likely are gang-affiliated youth offenders to recidivate compared to non-gang-affiliated offenders?

Back 13

2.5 times more likely

Front 14

Which sociological theory suggests that crime occurs as a result of breakdown of social cohesion which leads to anomie: a state of normlessness where the rules and guidelines of society become unclear?

Back 14

Anomie Theory (Emilie Durkheim)

Front 15

Which sociological theory suggests that criminal behaviour results from a lack of integration between social ambitions and goals and the meens to achieve those goals?

Back 15

Strain Theory (Robert Merton)

Front 16

Which sociological theory suggests that some people are labelled deviant and assocaite this label as their primary status, accepting the label and act in accordance with it?

Back 16

Labelling Theory (Howeard Becker)

Front 17

Which sociological theory suggests that everyone has the potential to be law violating , however, fear deters most people because they do not want to jeopardise the social bonds they have with others?

Back 17

Social Control Theory (Travis Hirschi)

Front 18

Freud theorised that criminal behaviour was a result of a weak what?

Back 18

suepr ego

Front 19

What did Freud stress were important for determining a persons criminality?

Back 19

family life, early attachment, and development

Front 20

Albert Bandura theorised that criminal behaviour is what?

Back 20

learned

Front 21

What type of learning was demonstrated in the bobo doll experiment with children?

Back 21

vicarious learning

Front 22

Briefly describe Edwin Sutherland' Differential Association Theory of criminal development?

Back 22

People learn to engage in crime through association with criminal peers and distancing of non criminal peers, therefore criminal behaviour becomes their cultural norm

Front 23

What are three possible explanation for the rise in aged offenders in the criminal justice system?

Back 23

1. first time offenders are being imprisoned at an older age 2. repeat offenders are retuning to prison at an older age 3. changes in sentencing patterns

Front 24

What are the characteristics of the increased older recidivating offenders?

Back 24

baby boomers, 45+ but have patterns of health and disease that are consistent with older age, and health is indicative of lifestyle patterns including long histories of substance abuse and poor uptake of health services in the community

Front 25

What are the implications for the ageing prison population?

Back 25

1. do they have special needs 2. appropriateness of treatment programs 3. is mixing with younger inmates a steady influence or inherent danger? 4. is there a need for a new service model?

Front 26

What is the biggest physical consideration for an increasing ageing prison populations?

Back 26

traditional prisons not designed for older people with accessibility problems and older people have significant health related needs

Front 27

What are the four principles for sentencing?

Back 27

1. Rehabilitation 2. Deterrence 3. Incapacitation 4. Desert

Front 28

What are two types of deterrence?

Back 28

specific and general

Front 29

Describe specific deterrence.

Back 29

Setting a sentence that is individual to the offender

Front 30

What is the aim of deterrence in sentencing?

Back 30

to prevent reoffending

Front 31

Describe general deterrence.

Back 31

Setting a sentence to further the aim of crime prevention to deter other possible offenders

Front 32

What role does incapactiation have in sentencing?

Back 32

to retrain the offender to prevent further offending for a given time

Front 33

The incapacitation of an offender depends on what two factors?

Back 33

the percieved treatment needs and the liklihood of recidivism

Front 34

What is the role of desert in sentencing?

Back 34

to punish the offfender for the crime they committed

Front 35

What does R-N-R stand for and what role does it play in rehabilition assessment?

Back 35

Risk-Needs-Responsivity - to determine whether rehabilitation is appropriate for the offender