Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is signature behavior |
This is defined as evidence of behavior at a crime scene not nessicary to complete the crime that points to an underlying psychological need of the offender - expression of underlying needs of the offender and can be a way to link crimes and draw inferences about psychological needs |
|
|
Why did signature behavior arise |
It arose from the need to link cases to a known or unknown offender |
|
|
How is the term signature behavior misleading |
It implies individualization when this is usually not the case - in profiling the signature and thereby offender is often assumed to be specific to a crime or crime series. When in fact this is not verifiable. |
|
|
What are the two uses of signature behaviors with CP |
1. Identifying underlying psychological needs of the suspect 2. Used to link to different crimes based on these needs |
|
|
How is MO different from signature |
MO are behaviorS which are nessicary for the successful completion of crime, I.e using knife, using mask, gloves, nessicary for successful completion of crime and to avoid detection. Whereas signature is unique and not nessicary for successful completion of crime |
|
|
Is MO a dynamic or static concept |
MO evolves and is a dynamic concept, offender may change MO behavior i.e not wearing mask for first 3 crimes then starts wearing mask |
|
|
Is signature behavior a static or dynamic concept |
It is static it stays the same across offences. - type of mask worn can be manifestation of signature psychological behavior. - i.e leaving puzzle peice on body not nessciary for completion of crime (MO) but psychological needs. |
|
|
There are 2 concepts involved with signature behavior |
Signature aspect and signature behavior |
|
|
2 concepts of signature behavior: What is signature aspect |
Underlying psycodynamics. More abstract crime scene. Emotional/ psychological themes, emotional/ psychological; mental. This stays the same |
|
|
2 concepts of signature behavior: what is signature behavior |
This is the actual behavior observed from evidence at the crime scene. Actual manifestation at crime of underlying signature aspect - this evolves, satisfying same psychological need but changing behavior. |
|
|
Investigative vs probative profiles : what is investigative profiles |
These assist police investigations - it is possible to offer an opinion that is investigativly helpful but that does not rise to the level of having probative I.e court worthy value - opinion or assumption may be helpful in focusing the investigation but not of sufficient quality for court |
|
|
Investigative vs probative profiles what are probative profiles |
These are profiles which are Also used during the judicial process |
|
|
What determines weather a profile is investigative or probative? |
The profiler would need to assess the probative value of the initial opinion and decide that either it is probative or it is not - often opinions are helpful in focusing investigations but not sufficient for court not enough evidence in all areas which are needed in court. - they need to assess their opinion but often this assessment is not done and opinion is deemed court worthy but it’s not (which could lead to wrongful conviction) |
|
|
What is meant by the concept contextuality |
- was an opinion formed for investigation or for court? Most criminal profiles are developed to further an investigation with no expectation that a profile would be subject of testimony later |
|
|
What is the difference between contextuality in probative profiles vs investigative profiles |
- in an investigative context the threshold for forming opinions would be less than that for trial For a profile to have probative value it must clarify the methods used to infer the context of the profile and show how it was done (explain how and why) but sometimes this isn’t always done which can result in wrongful convictions with investigative profiles used in judicial processes |
|
|
Is signature behavior in criminals the same as ones written signature |
It is similar but not the exact same because signature behavior does not identify exact people. - it’s not a real signature we cannot individualize an unknown offender with behavioural evidence. We can only say that these crimes may have been committed by the same offender |
|
|
Do you need to have a signature in every crime? How about MO |
You don’t need a signature in every crime but you need a MO in every crime |
|
|
Why is signature behavior used by offenders |
To satisfy psychological needs of offenders |
|
|
Who created the terms signature aspect and signature behavior |
Turvey - signature aspect - emotional or paycological themes satisfied during crime
Signature behavior - manifestation at crime scene of underlying signature aspect |
|
|
Signature in criminal profiling is that a concept or a real signature |
It’s a concept not a true signature |
|
|
Is a signature behavior equillivant to DNA? |
No it’s not a fingerprint nor equillvant to DNA |
|
|
Is a signature behavior equillivant to DNA? |
No it’s not a fingerprint nor equillvant to DNA |
|
|
Are signature behaviors capable of individualization |
No. It is something. A profiler can use to make or offer an opinion as to weather or not two crimes are connected to a particular offender |
