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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SAQ: what are human rights and why do they have implications for global politics |
-HR universal vs national sovereignty -obligations on nation states to take account of HR in dealings with own citizens and each other- leads to questions about human intervention - allowance of free trade/ eu membership etc if HR obeying- connected and agreeing globally |
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SAQ: Distinguish between different types of international human rights |
-first generational, legal and political, foundational, negative and linked to liberalism -second generational, social and economics, positive and linked to socialism -third generational- group rights, selective rights for this treated poorly in past |
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SAQ: Why has humanitarian intervention been criticised |
- illegal, undermines national sovereignty -realists argue that states are purely concerned with own interests therefore isn’t for the moral benefit as they say -counter productive, more complex than going in and killing a bad guy- eg Libya |
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SAQ: Why has the idea of universal human rights been criticised? |
- western concept that is a form of colonialism -Asian values are more strongly orientated to family authority stability etc -Islamic values, no law higher than Gods law |
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SAQ: What is humanitarian intervention and why did it increase during the 1990s? |
-end of the Cold War meant global agreement on what was right and wrong, human rights abuse more clearly definable -liberal movement in politics- globalisation and imposition of new world order -growth of global media CNN effect meant that societies made government feel responsible for dealing with HR atrocities |
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SAQ:Explain the tensions between human rights and state sovereignty |
-HR is a universal concept-belongs to all people no matter what nationality, therefore is seen to overrule state sovereignty -Is seen as western imperialism trying to undermine the state sovereignty of others -state sovereignty overrules many attempts to bring human rights atrocities to justice eg in Kenya |
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SAQ: On what grounds has humanitarian intervention been justified |
-responsibility to protect -neo-conservatives view, to spread democratic peace -liberal intervention, global interdependence means it is in everyone’s duty to have a properly functioning world |
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SAQ: Assess the effectiveness of international law in upholding human rights |
-states obey because they want to ensure peaceful relations -global courts like ICC and ICJ protect human rights -no binding laws in place national sovereignty>HR |
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SAQ: Why have human rights become more important in global politics |
-CNN effect -increased number of international courts and agencies concerned with HR -as a justification for war, HI |
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SAQ: Why does humanitarian intervention occur in some cases but not in others |
-occurs where it gains publicity (CNN effect) -realist view, in pursuit of personal gains or maintainng strong relationships eg Saudi oil -depends upon the power of the country eg no HI on USA for Guantanamo |
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SAQ: Why has there been controversy over the role of international courts and tribunals in upholding human rights |
-victors justice -undermines state sovereignty, many powerful countries aren’t in the ICC -no enforcement powers |
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SAQ: On what grounds has humanitarian intervention been criticised |
-based upon a western view of human rights- western imperialism -undermines national sovereignty - doesn’t take place if it isn’t in the nations interest eg Saudi Arabia |
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ESSAY: is humanitarian intervention ever justified |
-R2P, we have a moral duty to protect and intervene HOWEVER our western views on HR is different to Asian values therefore when we feel we need to intervene it may not necessary -HI is legal under international customary laws, just war theory HOWEVER argued that it undermines national sovereignty and nothing ever should -realist view that countries only act in self interest eg oil HOWEVER Sierra Leone, no self interest and no further soft power -failures of countries like Libya HOWEVER bigger failure of non interventions show its necessary |
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ESSAY: to what extent is HI an abandoned project? |
-popularity in the 90s, due to end of Cold War and no opposing superpowers, compared to then HI isn’t used as much HOWEVER not an abandoned project just no need for it as successes have discouraged others from HR abuse -due to poor experiences it can arguably have been abandoned, Somalia, Bosnia. HOWEVER failures of non intervention eg Rwanda have shown that it needs to be done to save life’s -used as war on terror. Iraq and Afghanistan HOWEVER could be abandoned after Libya, counter productive -countries still feel they have R2P and will therefore intervene when necessary eg 2018 Syria HOWEVER now often seen as not HI but intervention for self interest or proxy war |
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ESSAY: Human rights are simply a form of western cultural imperialism. Discuss. |
-rights are of universal nature and is reflected in support for UDHR HOWEVER some countries may have joined without believing in this to gain support from western countries for development - third generational rights provide support and extra rights for developing countries HOWEVER largely rejected by those in power -HR are inherently linked to western culture and liberal values HOWEVER this could be seen as a mass culture eg McDonald’s everywhere -Asian values reject much of human rights and see it as wrongfully imposed HOWEVER HR could be seen as only benefitting and that they are only rejected by some states so they can continue practicing human rights abuses eg UAE slave class |
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ESSAY: to what extent are universal human rights now globally accepted |
-seen as accepted due to mass signing to UDHR HOWEVER it has no binding powers and doesn’t prevent it -international courts are effective in action and act smoothly after HR abuses HOWEVER if human rights were globally accepted there wouldn’t be a need for international courts to exist -realist view that morality has no role in global politics and that states are self interested therefore some will reject HR HOWEVER R2P and HI show that morality exists in global politics and they are globally accepted as countries fear intervention -not globally accepted due to Asian Values HOWEVER mass culture especially in Asian countries could be seen as overpowering this |
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ESSAY: to what extent are international courts and tribunals effective in upholding human rights |
- tribunals have been successful in bringing people to justice eg Sierra Leone HOWEVER victors justice -ICC and ICJ effectively uphold rights HOWEVER Western imperialism - lack of ability to enforce policy as national sovereignty comes above international law HOWEVER globalised world means that economic sanctions could be enough to bring countries to a standstill - seen as not protecting of human rights just punishment, doesn’t stop events from happening HOWEVER serious nature of courts could be seen as a deterrence |
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ESSAY: to what extent are human rights effectively protected in the modern world |
- NGOs like Amnesty have fought hard to protect human rights eg protection of factory workers HOWEVER limited success if you don’t have an army - International courts are set up that HR abusers can be tried in if HR abuses are committed HOWEVER doesn’t protect people from human rights abuse simply punished for it -State sovereignty comes above International law therefore difficult to get all to obey human rights HOWEVER economic sanctions prove effective due to interdependence nature -rights are protected in countries which have little power and can be told what to do but stronger countries like Saudi who have close ties to U.K. and US escape persecution HOWEVER argument for a lack of HR abuses taking place here due to Asian Values -war on terror HR abuses by USA have come to no court HOWEVER arguably HR abuses on criminals is ok if it prevents further HR abuses |
