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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the four primary metabolites
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carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
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What three important functions do secondary metabolites perform for plants?
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structure, defense
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Do plant secondary metabolites have limited or extensive phylogenetic distribution?
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restricted
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Plant secondary metabolites can be divided into three chemically distinct groups, what are they?
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terpenes, phenolics, nitrogen containing compounds
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What is the basic structural element of a terpene called?
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isoprene unit
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What two pathways exist for terpene biosynthesis?
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The mevalonic acid pathway and the methylergthritol phosphate pathway
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The terpene saponin protects against what type of invader?
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fungal
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The two ways in which terpenes act as "primary" metabolites are?
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Hormones, Caratenoid Pigments
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What are four foles of phenolic compounds?
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1) Defense against herbivores and pathogens,
2) mechanical support, 3) attracting pollinators and fruit dispersers, 4) in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation |
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What is the most abundant organic substance in plants after cellulose? Describe it's role
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lignin, it provides support and can be found in conducting tissues such as the cell walls of Xylem
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The different types of flavonoid perform a range of functions, including
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insect and animal attraction
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Describe the ecological function of volatile compounds in wild plants
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Volatiles attract natural enemies of the attacking herbivore, and can also signal neighboring plants to initiate expression of defense related genes
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Describe the chain of events in signal transduction.
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Signal ----> receptor ----> signal trasduction ---->response
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How do receptors initiate signal trasduction?
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affecting the activity of other proteins
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What was the first (or one of the earliest) signal transduction pathways that was identified in plants?
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phytochrome
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What are some commonalities between animal and plant secondary messengers?
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They both use calcium, lipid signaling molecules, and pH changes, to trigger physiological responses
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What is a kinase?
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an enzyme activity that catalyzes phosphorylation
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What is the utility of a kinase cascade?
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To transmit a signal in a linear direction
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What type of protein does the opposite function of a kinase and is also important for signal transduction pathways?
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phosphatases
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Describe how phytochromes enter the nucleus
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light induces a conformational change in the cytoplasmic protein, exposing a nuclear localization signal
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Why is there this propensity of negative signaling pathways in plants?
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it's faster
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How long does it take for a plant cell to transcribe a gene?
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30 minutes
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