Physiology Chapter 1

Front 1

What is physiology?

Back 1

the study of body function and how it works

Front 2

What is the basic unit of life?

Back 2

The cell

Front 3

Cellular functions necessary for survival?

Back 3

-Obtain food-essential nutrients
-Cells perform chemical reactions-amino acids to build protein
-Smallest unit able to carry out lifes processes

-Excretion-remove waste
-Have growth-synthesis
-Responsiveness-process make response
-Control exchange of material between cell and environment
-Movement-internal and external(visible)
-Reproduction-not muscles or nerves

Front 4

Level of organiazation

Back 4

(ABIOTIC)atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles,(BIOTIC) cells, tissues, organs, systmes, organism

Front 5

Molecules

Back 5

2 or more atoms tied together - monomers are building blocks

Front 6

Macromolecules

Back 6

Polymers

Front 7

Organelles

Back 7

Subcellular structures - compartments

Front 8

Tissues

Back 8

group of cells with common function

Front 9

Organs

Back 9

2 or more tissue types

Front 10

systems

Back 10

organs form systems that work together

Front 11

Organism

Back 11

Human beings and animals

Front 12

4 Types of tissues

Back 12

Nervous, Muscle, Epithelial, Connective

Front 13

Nervous Tissue

Back 13

has neurons (AP conductors), Glial (support cells for neurons)

Front 14

Muscle Tissue

Back 14

-Skeletal - voluntary
-Cardiac - Heart - shoot blood out
-Smooth - Hollow tubes, organ walls

Front 15

Epithelial tissue

Back 15

-gatekeepers
-Squamous - flat cell
-Columnar - Tall, nuclei near bottom
-Cuboidal - Cube shaped, circular nucleus - secrete and absorbs
-Simple - 1 layer of cells
-Stratified - 2 or more layers
-Sheets - Stomach esophogus - sheets of cells
-Glands - secrete substance - exocrine and indocrine

Front 16

Connective Tissue

Back 16

-Ties together -
-Extracellular matrix - outside cells
-Loose connective tissue - liquid and gel, solid
-Dense fibrous connective tissue - parallel and tightly packed
-Adipose - big gob-like structures
-Bone-solid
-Blood-plasma
-Cartilage-gel

Front 17

Intracellular fluid

Back 17

Inside cell membrane

Front 18

Extracellular fluid

Back 18

Outside cell membrane
-plasma
-interstitial fluid - imidiate surrounding space

Front 19

Homeostasis

Back 19

-Internal consistancy
-the maintenance of a relatively stable environment for the cell so the cell is able to function and survive

Front 20

Which body system does not contribute to homeostasis?

Back 20

Reproductive

Front 21

11 major body systems

Back 21

nervous, endocrine, circulatory, digestive, respatory, skeletal, muscular, integumentary, urinary, immune

Front 22

Homeostatically regulated factors

Back 22

-concentration of nutients and oxygen
-concentration of waste products, co2 - uric acid
-concentration of salts and electrolytes, NACL, hydrogen, bicarbs, calcium
-Acid/base balance
-Temperature, 98.6
-Volume and pressure

Front 23

Intrinsic control system

Back 23

-organ has control over activity
-local hormonal control, neural control
-blood flow to heart is not constant, filtrate at optimal conditions

Front 24

Extrinsic control

Back 24

-control from CNS and endocrine system
-maintains balance throughout body
-over rides intrinsic control
-maintains flow

Front 25

Negative feedback

Back 25

-chain reaction that turns off product when product gets to certain spot
-Set point
-sensor - thermostat
-integrator - reads and sends messages
-effector

Front 26

Positive feedback

Back 26

-blood clotting
-antibody production
-contraction