Physio Final Part 2

Front 1

An artery is designed to allow exchange of materials with the surrounding tissue.

Back 1

false

Front 2

Diameter of arterioles are approximately 20 microns across, while capillaries have a diameter of 5-7 microns across (remember how big a red blood cell is).

Back 2

true

Front 3

Venous return (blood getting back to the heart) is dependent upon –

Back 3

Venous return (blood getting back to the heart) is dependent upon –the small amount of muscle tone that veins can generate Pumping action of the skeletal muscles adjacent to the veins One-way valves in the veins

Front 4

Edema (fluid increase in the area around the capillary beds) may be caused by which of the following:

Back 4

Edema (fluid increase in the area around the capillary beds) may be caused by which of the following:
A. B. C.
An increase in central venous pressure Blood pooling (backing up) in the venous system of the body Gravitational forces on the cardiovascular system

Front 5

Arteriosclerosis is a disease that reduces the compliance (increases the resistances) of the arterial system. Which of the symptoms below would be expected to appear?

Back 5

Arteriosclerosis is a disease that reduces the compliance (increases the resistances) of the arterial system. Which of the symptoms below would be expected to appear?
A. B. C.
systolic pressure increases An increased craving for McDonald’s Hamburgers diastolic pressure decrease

Front 6

Venous pressure in the legs is higher because of hydrostatic pressure due to gravity.

Back 6

true

Front 7

For regulating blood flow to capillaries, the vessels that are the most important for reducing the pressure of fluid going towards these capillaries is

Back 7

arterioles

Front 8

Normal reabsorption and filtration within the capillaries is dependent upon the changing hydrostatic (fluid) pressures of the plasma

Back 8

True

Front 9

The venous component of the cardiovascular system holds the largest percentage of the total blood volume.

Back 9

true

Front 10

Holding the hydrostatic pressure gradient constant and increasing the protein concentration within interstitial space would -

Back 10

Holding the hydrostatic pressure gradient constant and increasing the protein concentration within interstitial space would -
enhance the outward movement of fluid

Front 11

The “sympathetic nervous system” innervates small arteries and arterioles, not metarterioles and capillaries.

Back 11

true

Front 12

Normal reabsorption and filtration within the capillaries is dependent upon the changing hydrostatic (fluid) pressures of the plasma.

Back 12

true

Front 13

In capillaries, if oxygen concentration decreases, the smooth muscle sphincters in that area will not be able to contract, allowing more blood flow into the area. This is an example of the -

Back 13

In capillaries, if oxygen concentration decreases, the smooth muscle sphincters in that area will not be able to contract, allowing more blood flow into the area. This is an example of the -

Oxygen-Demand Theory

Front 14

Intrinsic (local) control of arteriole/capillary blood flow refers to the fact that _______________.

Back 14

D. arterioles/capillary respond to local factors to regulate blood flow

Front 15

Increases in the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system will affect __________.

Back 15

the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes exclusively

Front 16

Venous pressure in the legs is higher because of hydrostatic pressure due to gravity.

Back 16

true

Front 17

As pressure in capillaries and small arterioles increases the pushing and friction (Shear Forces) on the walls of these vessels a chemical signal is sent back to the arterioles and arteries to dilate. This signal has been identified as _________________.

Back 17

nitric oxide

Front 18

Histamine is released by cells involved in the immune response to cause capillary permeability to ________ and smooth muscle sphincters to ____________.

Back 18

increase / dilate

Front 19

The cardiovascular system usually has a “sympathetic tone” consistently regulating blood pressure.

Back 19

true

Front 20

an increase in vasoconstriction of vein reservoirs will increase the amount of fluid in the heart (stroke volume) and fluid pump out of the heart (cardiac output).

Back 20

true

Front 21

Renin secretion from the Juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus is dependent on

Back 21

NaCl concentration in the distal tubule

Front 22

The loss of glucose in the urine is an example of -

Back 22

Glucose exchangers in the walls of the nephron being overwhelmed (saturated)

Front 23

In the nephron, water reabsorption is by simple diffusion in the proximal convoluted tubule and descending loop of henle; while water is not necessarily permeable to the walls of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts (permeable only if Antidiuretic hormone secretion).

Back 23

true

Front 24

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs the largest quantity of the glomerular filtrate?

Back 24

Proximal convoluted tubule

Front 25

Potassium concentrations can be low during times of dehydration. What is one of the main reasons for this?

Back 25

c. Increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity in the walls of the nephron

Front 26

Poisoning (disabling) Na+/K+ pump activity in cells of the proximal convoluted tubule will -

Back 26

Generate an increase in the amount of urine produced (diuresis)

Front 27

Using the graph to the right as a reference, what is happening to Sodium (Na+) in the proximal tubule.

Back 27

Na+ concentration remains the same because water and Na+ are
being reabsorbed together

Front 28

In the thick loop of Henle (Ascending) Na+, K+ and Cl- concentrations decrease because either the ion(s) are being pumped out of the tubule lumen (reabsorbed) and/or water is not permeable to the tubule wall.

Back 28

true

Front 29

Using the graph to the right explain, using the choices below, what is happening to Glucose in the proximal tubule?

Back 29

Glucose is being reabsorbed.

Front 30

10. T or F: The concentration of PAH in the thick loop of Henle is getting smaller because it is being reabsorbed from the nephron.

Back 30

false

Front 31

1. In the model for quiet, relaxed breathing, the breathing rhythm is maintained by the _____________.

Back 31

A. inspiratory neurons in the dorsal respiratory center

Front 32

2. Which factors listed below affect Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (O2)?

Back 32

2,3
BPG pH
Temperature.

Front 33

3. Surfactant secretion is vital for-

Back 33

C. Reducing surface tension within the alveoli.

Front 34

4. The enzyme necessary to convert H2O and CO2 to H2CO2 is

Back 34

B. Carbonic Anhydrase.

Front 35

5. Central chemoreceptors are neurons in the medulla that respond directly to changes in __________.

Back 35

pH levels outside of the blood vessels

Front 36

The most plentiful gas in our atmosphere is nitrogen.

Back 36

true

Front 37

The inspiratory neurons of the dorsal respiratory center stimulate motor neurons in the phrenic nerve, which stimulates contraction of the diaphragm.

Back 37

true

Front 38

Exercise will cause the hemoglobin dissociation curve to move to the right showing that affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is dropping and therefore more oxygen is free for the tissues to use.

Back 38

true

Front 39

Peripheral chemoreceptors associated with respiration are mainly sensitive to O2 partial pressures.

Back 39

true

Front 40

Not studying the night before the quiz will most likely cause the hemoglobin dissociation curve to move to the left during the test; showing that affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is dropping and therefore more oxygen is free for the tissues to use.

Back 40

false