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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Newton's Second Law (in words)
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Rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on it
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Newton's Second Law (equation)
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F=m(v-u)/t
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Impulse definition
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Change in momentum
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Units for momentum
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kgms^-1 or Ns
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Equations for impulse
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Force x time
mv-mu |
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Area under a force-time graph
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Impulse
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Newton's Third Law
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Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
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Principle of conservation of momentum
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For a system of interacting object, the total momentum remains constant provided no external resultant forces act on the system.
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Equation for conservation of momentum
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m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2
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Definition of a vector quantity
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A quantity with direction and magnitude
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Examples of a vector quantity
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Velocity
Displacement Acceleration Momentum Force |
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Definition of a scalar quantity
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A quantity with magnitude
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Examples of a scalar quantity
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Distance
Speed Energy Mass |
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Elastic collisions
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Kinetic energy is conserved
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Explosions
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Total initial momentum = 0
Gain in kinetic energy comes from a source Objects moving apart |
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Newton's First Law
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An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by a force
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Graph of energy in simple harmonic motion
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Graph of acceleration against displacement in simple harmonic motion
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π radians
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180°
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Centripetal force
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Acts towards centre of circle
At right angles to velocity Causes centripetal acceleration |
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geostationary/geosynchronous orbits
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T=24hrs
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Satellites in orbit
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Centripetal force = Gravitational force
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Maximum speed in horizontal circular motion
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v=√μgr
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Maximum speed in circular motion at an angle
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v=√grtanθ
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Maximum speed in vertical circular motion
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v=√gr
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Simple harmonic motion definition
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An oscillation inwhich the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its displacement from the midpoint, and is directed towards the midpoint.
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Phase difference
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=2πΔt/T
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Graph of displacement against time in simple harmonic motion
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Graph of velocity against time in simple harmonic motion
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Graph of acceleration against time in simple harmonic motion
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Restoring forces of a mass on a spring
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Tension
Gravity |
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Restoring force of a pendulum
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component of mg acting towards the equilibrium point
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Free oscillation
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No loss of energy due to external forces
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Forced oscillations
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Oscillations where energy is put into the system by a periodic external force and amplitude increases
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Damped oscillation
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the oscillations lose energy and amplitude decreases due to external forces
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Graph of displacement against time of a lightly damped oscillation
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Graph of displacement against time of a heavily damped oscillation
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Graph of displacement against time of a critically damped oscillation
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Graph of displacement against time of an over damped oscillation
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Natural frequency
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the frequency of free oscillations of an object moving with simple harmonic motion
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Resonance
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large amplitude oscillations caused when periodic force is applied at the same frequency as the natural frequency
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Amplitude
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the maximum displacement from equilibrium of an oscillating object
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Angular displacement
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the angle an object in circular motion turns through
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Angular speed
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the rate of change of angular displacement of an object in circular motion
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Effect of changing the length on the time period of a pendulum
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Proportional relationship
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Effect of changing the maximum amplitude on the time period of a pendulum
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No effect
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Effect of changing the mass on the time period of a pendulum
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No effect
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