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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Groups of organs function together to complete?
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Body system
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What is homeostasis?
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Keeping the body functioning normally to sustain life
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what is keratin?
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Tough protein found in the outer skin, hair, and nails.
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What is melanin?
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Skin pigment
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What is anatomy?
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Study of the structure of the body
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What is physiology?
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Study of the functioning of the body
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Body organization levels
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Each level includes the previous level.
Cell tissue organs body systems organism |
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Anatomical position
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● standing erect
● head facing forward ● arm by the side ● palms facing to the front |
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ventral (anterior) cavities contain?
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● thoracic
●abdominopelvic |
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Dorsal (posterior) cavity contains?
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●cranial
●spinal |
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What is the main and largest organ?
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The skin
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What is the smallest functioning unit of the body?
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The cell
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What is the main function of the integumentary system?
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Protection, regulation, sensation, secretion
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What is the main function of the skeletal system?
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Supports and protects internal organs, stores minerals, movement, and is the location of blood cell formation(hematopoiesis)
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What is the main function of the muscular system?
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Skeletal movement and heat protection
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What is the main function of the nervous system?
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Recognizes and interprets sensory stimuli and regulates responses to stimuli by coordinating other body systems
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What is the main function of the respiratory system?
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Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and circulating blood
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What is the main function of the digestive system?
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Breaks down food to usable molecules to be absorbed by the body and eliminates waste products
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What is the main function of the urinary system?
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Removes waste products and regulates water and salt balance
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What is the main function of the endocrine system?
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Produces and regulates hormones
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What is the main function of the reproductive system?
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Sexual reproduction and development of male and female sexual characteristics
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What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
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Returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and defends against disease
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What is an anatomic plane?
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An imaginary flat surface that divides portions of the body or an organ into front, back, right, left, upper, and lower sections.
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What are the three layers of the skin?
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Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
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What are the four types of bones that make up the skeleton of the body?
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● long bones- arms, legs and hands
● short bones - wrist and ankles ● flat bones - the ribs, shoulder blades, hips, and skull bones, pelvis ● irregular bones - the vertebrae and facial bones |
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What are the three types of muscles found in the body?
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● skeletal- striated voluntary muscle
● smooth- unstriated involuntary muscle ● cardiac- striaghted involuntary muscle |
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Medical word for sperm?
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Spermatozoa
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What is the main functional cells of the nervous system?
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Neurons
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Sensory neurons are also called
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Afferent neurons which transmit impulses from the sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord
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What does efferent neurons (motor) do?
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transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles
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The Planes
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Transverse- separates the body horizontally into upper and lower portions
Midsagittal- vertically divides the body into EQUAL right and left portions Sagittal- divides the body vertically into right and left portions |
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Sebaceous gland (define)
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Oil-producing gland
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Digestion (define)
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breakdown of complex foods to simpler form so that they can be used by cells
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What test is done for TB?
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Throat and sputum cultures
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What is hepatitis?
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Acute inflammation of the liver caused by exposure to toxins or the hepatitis viruses
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What causes a UTI and what test is done to check for it?
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Bacterial infection and a urine culture (urinalysis)
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Gonads of a female
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ovaries
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What is Diabetes Mellitus?
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Insulin deficiency
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Types of Connective tissue
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● cartilage
▪ ends of joint-forming bones ● ligaments ▪attach bone to bone ● tendons ▪ attach muscle to bone |
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Types of joints
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●Immovable
▪skull sutures ●Partially movable ▪vertabrae ●Free moving ▪knees and hips |
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What is gout?
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Metabolic condition caused by uric acid crystals
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What is gigantism?
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Increase of body size caused by hypersecretion of GH in childhood
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Main test in urinary system?
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Urinalysis
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What is hyperparathyroidism?
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Excessive parathyroid hormone secretion often caused by benign tumor
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Acne (define)
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An over secretion of sebum by the sebaceous glands that cause blockage of ducts and formation of pustules
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Fungal infection (define)
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Infections such as ringworm, athlete's foot, and jock itch caused by the dermatophyte fungi that can produce itching scaling, and erythema
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Psoriasis (so RI a sis) (define)
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A chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, scaly, red patches; scales on top of raised lesions called plaques.
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impetigo (im pe TI go) (define)
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A highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus or streptococcus, is frequently seen in younger children; may present with erythema and progress into blisters that rupture, producing yellow crust
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The circulatory (cardiovascular) system consists of
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The heart, blood vessels, and blood.
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What is the function of the circulatory system
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● transport of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues
● transport of waste products from the tissues |
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What are the three types of blood vessels
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Arteries, veins, and capillaries
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The walls of the arteries and veins consist of three layers. what are they?
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● tunica externa (outer)
●tunica media (middle) ●tunica intima (inner) |
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Space within a blood vessel through which the blood flow is called
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Lumen
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Arteries are
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● Thick-walled
● propel blood away from the heart ● aid in maintaining blood pressure ● branch into arterioles |
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Aorta
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largest artery
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radial
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take pulse in adults
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brachial
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bend of elbow
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Veins are
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● thin-walled
● carry oxygen poor blood back to heart ● carry carbon dioxide and waste back to the heart ● one-way valves ● branch into venules |
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Majority of tests are performed
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Veinous Blood
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Venipuncture veins of choice
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●antecubital area
▪ median cubital (first choice) ▪ cephalic (send choice) (located on the outside arm) ▪ basilic(3rd choice because?? (is near an artery) |
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capillaries
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○ smallest vessels
○ allow gas and waste products exchange ○ mixture of arterial and venous blood |
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Venules
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Connect capillaries to veins
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Arterioles
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Connect capillaries to arteries
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The heart is
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Located in the thoracic cavity and enclosed in the pericardium. Has four chambers. Upper chambers are called atrium and bottom chambers are called ventricles. Separated into right and left by a septum valve to prevent backflow
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Superior vena cave and inferior vena cava do what
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Transport oxygen poor blood to the right atrium
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great saphenous (define)
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the principal vein in the leg and the longest in the body
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Cardiac cycle phase
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● contraction phase
▪ systole ● relaxation phase ▪diastole |
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And EKG ( ECG) does what
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Measures total time of cardiac cycle contractions and relaxations.
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Palpatations mean
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Feel
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Places to detect palpatation
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● radial aartery
● brachial artery ● carotid artery |
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Your heart rate contracts
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Sixty to eighty times a minute in adults
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The radial artery is usually the easiest to locate in
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Adult and children older than 3 years
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To measure the BP
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A BP cuff called sphygmomanometer is placed over the upper arm and a stethoscope is placed over the brachial artery to listen for heart sounds
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When listening to heart sounds,
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The first sound represents the systolic and when the sound is no longer heard is the diastolic
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What is an average BP for an adult
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120/80
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Blood is the body's main fluid for
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Transporting nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones through the circulatory system.
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What is the average blood volume for an adult?
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5 to 6 liters
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Blood consist of what two parts
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Plasma (55%) and formed elements. (45%)
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what is RBC?
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Erythrocytes. Contains hemoglobin and transport oxygen and remove carbon monoxide
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The surface of a erythrocytes contain
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Antigens that determine the blood group and type of an individual frequently referred to as the person's ABO group and RH type
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What is WBC
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Leukocytes. provide immunity and destroys pathogens
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What are the five normal types of leukocytes?
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● Neutrophils- Protection from infection
● Lymphocytyes- immunity B and T ● Monocytyes- Digest foreign material ● Eosinophils- Increased in allergies and parasitic infections ● Basophils- Respond to inflammation |
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Small irregularly shaped disks are called
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Thrombocytes or platelets
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Thrombocytes or platelets vital role in
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Hemostasis- coagulation or blood clotting
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Hemostasis (define)
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Process of blood clot formation after injury
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Anemia (define)
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A decrease in the number of erythrocytes or the amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood
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Another word for heart attack
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Myocardial infarction
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Aneurysm
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A bulge formed by a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery, that can burst and cause severe hemorrhaging
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Embolism
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A moving clot that can obstruct a blood vessel
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Angina pectoris (define)
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Sharp chest pain caused by deceased blood flow to the heart, usually because of an obstruction in the coronary artery
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Leukocytosis
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An abnormal increase in the number of normal leukocytes in the circulating blood, as seen in infections
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Leukopenia
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A decrease below normal number of leukocytes, often caused by exposure to radiation or chemotherapy
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What female hormone is responsible for the 2nd sex characteristic?
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progesterone
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What place does the exchange of oxygen & carbon monoxide take place?
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the lungs
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