Phil 200 Exam 2

Front 1

(E1) Plato Republic II
- 3 kinds of goods
- Glaucon's plan
- Injustice compromise
- Ring of Gyges
- Effects of Using Ring
- Adeimantus rejects what account of justice
- Plan?
- Why city? citizens and city benefit how?
- luxurious/fevered city
- education
- stories
- rules for stories of gods

Back 1

- 3 goods: 1) liked (desired/pursued) for own sake, not for its effects/consequences, i.e. joy. 2) (highest) liked both for itself and for effects/consequences, e.g. health, knowledge=> *justice (socrates). 3) liked for consequences only, not for own sake, e.g. exercize, medicine=> *justice (Thr. and Glaucon as devil advocates)
- Glaucon's plan (socrates should duplicate to defend justice): 1) give origin and definition. 2) show people are just unwillingly (justice is necessary but not good). 3) show injustice gives happiest life
-Injustice com.: naturally good to do injustice; naturally bad to suffer it so make a compromise (justice) agreeing not to do injustice in return for not suffering it -> *make laws and contracts (weaker organize to make laws -> become stronger); impose punishments for injustice (artificial bad consequences); matter of convention; compromise between best life (injustice with impunity) and worst (suffering injustice w/out recourse); *if you have power -> you should not respect/enter

Front 2

Plato's Republic Book III:
- metals in soul
- need what?
- 3 divisions of city
- Noble lie?
- education

Back 2

-metals in soul: gold -> fit to rule, guardian; silver -> defenders, soldiers; bronze/iron -> craftsmen
- need moderation between physical training and education (music and peotry) in order to be a good guardian
- 3 divisions of the city: 1) guardians (gold); 2) auxilaries(silver); 3) craftsmen (bronze);
- Noble lie: whole city is knit together as community; individuals will have different natural gifts
- education: 1) nurtures innate talents; 2) recognize metal of individual *meritocracy;. + gold soul means highly intelligent, not just; nature -> metal born as; nurture -> education and upbringing (tempering the metal);.

Front 3

(E2) Plato's Republic Book IV
-wealth and poverty cause?
-craftsmen's care?
- implications of poverty?
-guardians?
-laws?
-virtues?
-436b
-appetite vs. spiritedness
-appetites, source of what?
-spiritedness, source of what?
- spirit. competitiveness
- justice in individual

Back 3

- wealth and poverty: are causes of revolution -> splinter the city and undermine craft
- craftsmen's care: craftsmen will stop caring about his craft, make worse products, become idle (because of money; typically aims at status and power)
- poverty: no money for tools/supplies, bad products, distracted from work; *divided city -> haves and have nots
- guardians: guard against extreme wealth and poverty (feep unity of city); * defend -> upbringing and education (most important foundation of city -> keeps city good); education and upbringing have the potential to build/ spiral up (down is also possible)
- laws: secondary; bottom-up approach -> citizens character is not greatly changed by law
-*virtues: *Wisdom (sophia) = good judgement and knowledge of good city as a whole, tohether with good relations internally and externally; found in guardians (city)/ reason individual;. *courage (andreia) = preserving opinion inculcated by law and education about what should be feared (not giving in to pains and p