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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rogers: birthplace
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Illinios
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Rogers: how many siblings and sibling placement?
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6 children, Rogers was the 4th
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Rogers father
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civil engineer, cold disciplinarian
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Rogers family values
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hard working, fundamentalist christian
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where did Rogers family move to and why?
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A farm to avoid temptations of the city
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how did Rogers do in school?
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very well, high grades
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What did Rogers first go to school for and where?
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agriculture at U of Wisconsin
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where did Rogers go for the YMCA program?
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China
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What degree did Rogers get when he graduated from college?
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BA in History
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What did Rogers mother want her kids to be?
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missionaries
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Who did Rogers marry and when?
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Helen before graduate school
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Where did Rogers initially study after undergraduate school?
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Union Theological Seminary
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Where did Rogers do graduate work in psychology?
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Columbia University
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What did Rogers do after graduate school?
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worked with children
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Where did Rogers become full professor?
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Ohio State University, University of Chicago, University of Wisconsin
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How did Rogers die?
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heart attack at age 85
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What three books did Rogers publish?
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Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child
Counseling and Psychotherapy Client-Centered Therapy |
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What was revolutionary about Rogers teaching?
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therapy conducted in research setting
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Rogers Theory of Personality:
THE SELF THEORY |
*we have both an ideal and real self
*need to accept good and bad aspects of yourself *realistic, congruency between ideal seld and real self * past, present, future knowledge of ourselves |
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Rogers
ACTUALIZING TENDENCY |
force for growth and flourishing of a healthy personality
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Rogers
NEUROSIS |
when there is an incongruence of real self and ideal self, deny parts of self--> reality is warped or distorted. less authentic
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Rogers
PSYCHOSIS |
defenses are inadequate, disconnected pieces of personality
very bad--> cannot distinguish between self and non-self |
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Rogers
TWO MAJOR DEFENSES |
Denial-deny reality
Perceptual Distortion- rationalization |
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Rogers
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FULLY FUNCTIONING PERSON |
ERTFC
1)openness to Experience 2)Live in present, Reality 3)Trusting of ourselves 4)Freedom with choices 5)Creativity |
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FOUR NAMES FOR ROGERIAN THERAPY
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1)non-directed
2)client-centered 3)person-centered 4)rogerian therapy |
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Rogers
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF THERAPY |
reflection!
people have the ability to get insight into their problems, thrive and grow |
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Rogers
WHAT NOT TO DO IN THERAPY |
questions, interpretations, advice, bringing up topics
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Rogers
REFLECTION |
major technique in Rogers therapy
mirror back to the person where they are at, emotions, confusion, puzzlement |
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Rogers
THREE NECESSARY CHARACTERISTICS NEEDED BY THERAPISTS |
1)Empathy
--ability to understand and be there w/ client 2)Congruence -- genuineness, have to be authentic 3)Unconditional Positive Regard --always there for person no matter what |
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Rogers
CONTENT ANALYSIS |
took tapes of therapies and looked at the differencecs between beggining, middle and end
beg-- more negative end-- more positive, more insight |
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Rogers
RATING SCALES |
audio tapes of therapy, beg middle end.
looked at changes in client on a PROCESS SCALE of 1-7 (expression of feelings, relationship to problems) |
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Rogers
Q-SORT TECHNIQUE |
100 statements about yourself, fit into a normal curve (very like me-- very unlike me)
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Rogers
SEMANTIC DIFFERENCES |
rating scale with 2 poles used to measure attitude (connatative meanings) warm-intelligent, cold-not intelligent 1-7
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What university is Rogers most associated w/?
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U of Wisconsin
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What groups of people did Rogerian therapy NOT work for?
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schizophrenics, highly psychologically disturbed people, encounter groups
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Where was Maslow born?
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Brooklyn
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What was Maslows religion
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Jewish
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Where did Maslows parents come from?
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Russia
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How many children where in Maslow's family and what number was he?
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7 children, Maslow was the oldest
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What was Maslow's parents marriage like?
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Bad, eventually divorced
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Maslows parents education
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uneducated, had hopes and dreams for their children
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What did Maslow's father do?
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Barrell Repairer, worked steadily
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What did Maslow's mother do?
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homemaker
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What was Maslow's relationship like with his father?
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Very distant
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What was Maslow's relationship like with his mother?
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Hated his mother, she hated him
Mother kept fridge locked, Maslow went to library all day to avoid being at home |
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What was Maslow like as a kid?
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lonely, isolated, brilliant, bookish
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What career path did Maslow originally start to follow?
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lawyer, wanted to get away from home
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Where did Maslow recieve his BA, MA and PhD in psychology?
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University of Wisconsin
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What was Maslow's health like throughout his life?
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Bad, a lot of stress
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Who did Maslow recieve his PhD under?
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Harry Harlow (monkeys)
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What did Maslow study to get his PhD?
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dominance heirarchy in monkeys
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Who did Maslow marry?
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Bertha, his first cousin
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How many children did Maslow and Bertha have?
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2
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Was Maslow a professor, researcher or therapist?
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Professor and Researcher
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Where did Maslow teach?
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U of Wisconsin,
Columbia, Brooklyn College, Brandeis University |
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What did Maslow think of the students at Brandeis?
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whiny and entitled
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What 2 books did Maslow write?
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Motivation and Personality
Toward a Psychology of Being |
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How did Maslow die?
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Heart attack
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Maslow
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS |
bottom to top:
Physiological Safety and Security Belongingness and Love Esteem Cognitive and Aesthetic Self Actualization |
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Maslow
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS |
food, water, sleep, sex
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Maslow
SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS |
shelter, job, pain avoidance, protection
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Maslow
BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEED |
love and friendship, friends, family, relationships, pets
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Maslow
ESTEEM NEEDS |
accomplishments, abilities, efficacy, respect, self-confidence, strength, worth, adequancy of being useful and necessary in the world
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Maslow
COGNITIVE AND AESTHETIC NEEDS |
knowledge, beauty, art, please senses
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Maslow
SELF ACTUALIZATION NEEDS |
reaching life's goals
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Maslow
ENHANCEMENT, HIGHER ORDER NEEDS |
cognitive and aesthetic, self-actualization
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Maslow
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS |
Belongingness and Love, Esteem
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Maslow
BASIC SURVIVAL NEEDS |
Physiological, Safety and Security
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Maslow
B NEEDS |
being needs;
cognitive and aesthetic, self-actualization |
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Maslow
D NEEDS |
deprivation needs;
physiological, safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem |
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First Force of Psychology
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pychoanalysis
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Second Force of Psychology
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behavioris
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Third Force of Psychology
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Maslow's term for his theory, influenced be existentialism, humanistic-- away from traditional psychology. more focus on problems than method.
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Maslow
What was Malow considered to be the father of? |
Father of the Third Force
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Maslow
NEUROTIC NEEDS |
previous problem at one of the stages of need heirarchy creates anxiety that persists through adulthood even if need is currently met
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Maslow
CRITERIA FOR SELF-ACTUALIZATION |
full development of human potential, desire to become all you can be, rest of the needs have been met, very rare
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Maslow
PEAK EXPERIENCES |
mystical states of consciousness, feelings of limitless horizons and power as well as helplessness. great ecstacy, wonder and awe, loss of time and space, something impoprtant and meaningful is happening
NOT ALL SELF ACTUALIZED PEOPLE ARE "PEAKERS" |
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Maslow
CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-ACTUALIZING PEOPLE |
realistic, accepting, spontaneous, problem centered, private, autonomous, appreciative of the world, peak experiencing, kinship w/ humankind, humble, interpersonal relationships, ethical standards, descrimination of meands and ends, humorous, creative, resistent to enculturation, resistent to dichotomies
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Maslow
B-values |
important values that determines ones being
* Wholeness/Unity/Oneness * Perfection/Just-so-ness * Completion/Finality/Ending * Justice/Fairness * Aliveness/Full-Functioning * Richness/Intricacy * Simplicity/Essential/Honesty * Beauty/Form/Richness * Goodness/Oughtness * Uniqueness/Idiosyncrasy/Novelty * Effortlessness/Ease/Perfect * Playfulness/Joy/Humor * Truth/Reality/Beauty/Pure * Self-Sufficiency/Independence |
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Why are Buddhist ideas and practicecs being incorporated into US therapy?
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buddhism and psychotherapy are making for a more democratic (less hierarchical) structure, more equal for the sexes, yoga, meditation became popular
-- new approach to personality and therapy for PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT --westerners see buddhism as making statements that are closer to psychology then religion --offers methods for suffering |
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Advantages of buddhist practices for US therapy
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--reduction of anxiety, stress and anger
--possibility of happiness and love --decrease negative self-judgement --inner control --more self-awareness --avoids etic approach --fosters themic approach (from cultures own point of view) |
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Why doesn't Buddhism work something for people in the US
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Because we:
--emphasize individualism --belief in being independent --encourage social and material achievement |
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How is meditation incorporated into therapy?
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--calm person down, encourage body to physically relax so the mind will relax
--focus on particular object or just let thoughts pass --acceptance and mindfulness meditation |
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Why is meditation incorporated into therapy?
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--Because it can help with anxiety, stress and anger.
--used to calm person down and help them to become more insightful |
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two major types of buddhist meditation
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concentrative and mindfulness
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concentrative meditation
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attention is focused on a particular subject, such as breathing or a mantra
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mindfulness meditation
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more passive, thoughts allowed to pass through consciousness, thoughts are observed and not judged
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What psychological problems benefit from meditation?
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anxiety, asthma, cancer, chronic pain, criminal behavior, diabetes, drug abuse, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, infertility, insomnia, IBS, learning disabilities, psychiatric conditions, stress disorders, stuttering
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What brain waves increase during meditation
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alpha
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What physiological functions decrease during meditation?
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brain, heart rate, respiration rate, muscles relax
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What increases during meditation?
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happiness, compassion toward self and others
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What is mindfulness?
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allowing thoughts to enter your mind, observe them, let them pass by without emotion or judgement
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How is mindfulness incorporated into therapy?
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allow thoughts to appear and be recognized but not judged-- like FREE ASSOCIATION
promotes insight |
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What are the benefits from "living in the present moment"?
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anxiety and stress about past and future are alleviated (?)
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What are the benefits of "letting go" of negative emotions?
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neutralize emotions-- make you more thoughtful and calm
stop interfering with personal growth-- can move forward toward happiness |
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The case of Mary
(buddhist psychology) |
DEPRESSION--
Mary was depressed and angry about problems with her family. Had to identify negative emotions (anger and sadness) that were perpetuating her depression. BREAK THE NEGATIVE CYCLE --paid attention to bodily sensations- be mindful --learned to respond more appropriately |
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The case of Adam
(buddhist psychology) |
-recently went through divorce
-wife had custody, adam was angry, couldn't let go of anger -meditated, let go of anger as part of therapy -what was really behind anger was lonliness - realized he had a negative attitude toward a lot of things (what brought on divorce) -started to let go of negative feelings -became more aware of himself |
