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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the formal name for all of the cerebral arteries, collectively?
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Circle of Willis
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What artery serves the frontal and parietal lobes?
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Anterior cerebral artery
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What artery serves the parietal and temporal lobes?
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Lateral cerebral artery
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What artery serves the occipital lobe?
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Posterior cerebral artery
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Why are the cerebral arteries interconnected? How does this relate to a stroke?
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Gives detours/bypasses for blood even with damage - stroke means that enough alternate routes have been plugged that NO route exists
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What is Broca's Aphasia? Where is Broca's area located?
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Cannot form words - Area is located on dominant side (97% of population have it on their left)
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What is Wernike's Aphasia?
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Cannot understand words
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What three structures are collectively called the deep telencephalic structures?
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The basal ganglia (Martini refers to these as nuclei), the limbic system, and mirror neurons
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What is the function of the basal ganglia? What is an alternate name for this structure?
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Accomplishes Motor regulation (planned/voluntary motor, sequential motor) - called "smoothing".
aka Extra pyramidal system |
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What two structures comprise the limbic system? What are the functions of the limbic system?
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The amygdala and the hippocampus make up the limbic system, which associates emotion and memory. "How you make memory"
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What is the function of the Amygdala?
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Recall and production of emotion
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What is the function of the Hippocampus?
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Recall and production of memory
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What are mirror neurons? How do they relate to the limbic system?
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They copy actions that are seen within the brain, producing similar brainwaves and firing sequences. They are responsible for empathy (using limbic system)
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Why does Professor Christie continue to write and draw on the classroom whiteboard in this digital age?
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Prof Christie is utilizing mirror neurons to re-enforce learning, as students project themselves writing/drawing info
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How does the function of mirror neurons relate to autism?
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There is a suspected connection between broken mirror neurons and autism that produces a lack of empathy and projection; also shown that predictive/context brainwaves are lacking, as well as body language interpretation
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What does the Autonomic Nervous System govern? What system activates it?
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Organs, smooth muscle, glands; Viscera. The limbic system activates it.
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Where are pre- and post-ganglionic fibers located?
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Pre-ganglionic fiber - goes from spine to synapse
Post-ganglionic fiber - goes from synapse to organ |
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What are three alternate names that might be used to refer to the sympathetic nervous system? Where do connections to the spine arise from in this system?
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Fight or Flight (Fear), Thoraco/Lumbar System. EMTs may also refer to this as Adrenergic. Nerve connections arise from Middle of spine
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What are three alternate names that might be used to refer to the parasympathetic nervous system? Where do connections to the spine arise from in this system?
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Rest and Digest (Calm), Cranial/Sacral system. EMTs may also refer to this as Cholinergic. Nerve connections arise from Top & Bottom of Spine
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How do the lengths of pre- and post-ganglionic fibers compare within the Sympathetic nervous system?
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Pre-ganglionic fibers are shorter in Sympathetic, Post are long
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How do the lengths of pre- and post-ganglionic fibers compare within the Parasympathetic nervous system?
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Pre-ganglionic fibers are longer in Para, Post are short
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What neurotransmitter(s) are utilized within the Sympathetic nervous system? What types are receptors are present?
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Utilizes acetylcholine as neurotransmitter between pre and post
Utilizes norepinephrine/epinephrine as neurotransmitter between post and organ Nicotinic receptors between pre and post Alpha/Beta receptors between post and organ |
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What neurotransmitter(s) are utilized within the Parasympathetic nervous system? What types are receptors are present?
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Utilizes acetylcholine as neurotransmitter between pre and post
Utilizes acetylcholine as neurotransmitter between post and organ Nicotinic receptors between pre and post Muscarinic receptors between post and organ |
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What is the general function of Alpha and Beta receptors, respectively? Where are beta1 and beta2 receptors located?
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Alpha usually relax/inhibit something
Beta usually excite something Beta1 tend to be all over the place Beta2 tend to be in the heart |
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Where are white and grey rami located within the sympathetic nervous system?
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Pre ganglionic White ramus, Post ganglionic Grey ramus
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With regard to nerve tracts, what useful roadmark is often found within the naming convention to help determine what kind of tract it is?
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Spino- is up/ascending
-spino is down/descending |
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What is the function of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?
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Ascending tract for balance (limb position)
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What is the function of the anterior spinothalamic tract?
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Ascending tract for pain
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What are the functions of the dorsal white columns (fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus)?
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Sense touch/pressure
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What is the function of the lateral corticospinal tract?
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Descending tract for voluntary movement
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What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?
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Descending tract for balance
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What is the function of the Rubrospinal/Reticulospinal tract?
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Limb regulation/moderation
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