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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Layers of Epidermis (5)
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-Stratum corneum
-Stratum lucidum -Stratum granulosum -Stratum spinosum -Stratum basale (Californians love girls in string bikinis) |
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Vitiligo
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-effects pigmentation
-irregular, completely depigmented skin patches -any race can be effected -unknown etiology (autoimmune?) -loss of melanocytes |
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What are the following discussing:
-irregular blotchy patches of hyperpigmentation on the face -associated with oral contraceptives and pregnancy (regresses after preg) |
Melasma
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What does the following describe:
-light brown macules on the face/shoulders/chest -fair-skinned children (most common) -usually darken then fade -d/t increase melanin deposition in basal cell layer of epidermis |
Freckles
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Lentigo
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-Benign
-localized proliferation of melanocytes -small, oval, light brown macules -micro = linear melanocytic hyperplasia |
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Types of Melanocytic Tumors (4)
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-Congenital nevi (birthmarks)
-Nevocellular nevus (mole) -Dysplastic nevi (BK moles) -Malignant melanoma |
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What does the following describe:
-benign tumor of melanocytes -related to sun exposure -Types: junctional, compound, intradermal -have uniform tan to brown -sharp, well-circumscribed borders -stable in shape in size -malignant transformation is uncommon |
Nevocellular nevus
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What does the following describe:
-larger, irregular than others forms -pigment variation is present -micro = cytological and architectural atypia -syndrome = autosomal dominant, multiple nevi present, increased risk of developing melanoma |
Dysplastic nevi
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What does the following describe:
-common in ages 40-70 yo -risk factors = sun exposure, sunburn, fair skin, dysplastic nevus syndrome, familial melanoma -assymetric, irregular borders, and variegated color -males = increased freq on upper back -females = increased freq on back and legs -most common type = superficial spreading melanoma (primarily horizontal growth pattern) |
Malignant melanoma
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How is prognosis of melanomas determined?
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-By staging
-Based on depth of invasion Tx = wide surgical excision, systemic disease is treated with chemo or immunotx |
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What does the following describe:
-benign squamoproliferative neoplasms -middle-aged and elderly individuals -trunk, head, neck, and extremities -'stuck on' appearance -'horn cysts' = keratin filled epidermal pseudocysts -left untreated but removed if irritating/cosmetic purposes |
Seborrheic keratoses
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What is the sign of Leser-Trelat?
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-paraneoplastic syndrome
-sudden development of multiple lesions (Seborrheic keratoses) -accompanies an underlying malignancy |
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Psoriasis
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-autoimmune disorder
-clear genetic component -Common sites = knees, elbows, scalp -Most common form = Psoriasis vulgaris -well-demarcated erythematous plaques with silvery or salmon-pink scale -Auspitz Sign = removing scale causes pinpoint bleeding -Micro = munro microabscesses |
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Pemphigus
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-rare, autoimmune disorder
-intraepidermal blister formation --> easily ruptured -Most common = pemphigus vulgaris -Desmoglein 3 = production of autoantibodies (IgG) against keratinocyte desmosome -Micro = net-like pattern of IgG staining between epidermal keratinocytes that create bullae |
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Bullous pemphigoid
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-common autoimmune disorder
-older pts -subepidermal blister formation -tense bullae = that do NOT easily rupture -production of autoantibodies directed against a part of keratinocyte hemidesmosomes (bullous pemphigoid antigens 1 and 2) -linear deposits of IgG at epidermal-dermal junction |
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Types of Melanocytic Tumors (4)
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-Congenital nevi (birthmarks)
-Nevocellular nevus (mole) -Dysplastic nevi (BK moles) -Malignant melanoma |
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What does the following describe:
-benign tumor of melanocytes -related to sun exposure -Types: junctional, compound, intradermal -have uniform tan to brown -sharp, well-circumscribed borders -stable in shape in size -malignant transformation is uncommon |
Nevocellular nevus
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What does the following describe:
-larger, irregular than others forms -pigment variation is present -micro = cytological and architectural atypia -syndrome = autosomal dominant, multiple nevi present, increased risk of developing melanoma |
Dysplastic nevi
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What does the following describe:
-common in ages 40-70 yo -risk factors = sun exposure, sunburn, fair skin, dysplastic nevus syndrome, familial melanoma -assymetric, irregular borders, and variegated color -males = increased freq on upper back -females = increased freq on back and legs -most common type = superficial spreading melanoma (primarily horizontal growth pattern) |
Malignant melanoma
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How is prognosis of melanomas determined?
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-By staging
-Based on depth of invasion Tx = wide surgical excision, systemic disease is treated with chemo or immunotx |
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What does the following describe:
-benign squamoproliferative neoplasms -common in middle-aged and elderly individuals -trunk, neck, head, and extremities -'stuck on' appearance = tan/brown coin-shaped plaques that have granular surface -'horn cysts' = keratin-filled epidermal pseudocysts |
Seborrheic Keratoses
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Sign of Leser-Trelat
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-paraneoplastic syndrome
-sudden dev of multiple lesions -associated with an underlying malignancy |
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Psoriasis
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-autoimmune disorder
-increased proliferation and turnover of epidermal keratinocytes -most common form = psoriasis vulgaris -common sites = knees, elbows, scalp -well-demarcated erythematous plaques with silvery or salmon-pink scales -Auspitz sign = removal of scale results in pinpoint bleeding -micro = munro abscesses |
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Pemphigus
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-rare, potentially fatal
-intraepidermal blister formation -most common = pemphigus vulgaris -production of autoantibodies at the keratinocyte desmosome (desmoglein 3) -causes intracellular adhesion and blister formation -EASILY ruptured, flaccid blisters -net-like pattern of IgG staining between epidermal keratinocytes --> Bullae |
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What does the following describe:
-common autoimmune disorder of older pts -do NOT rupture easily -subepidermal blister formation -production of autoantibodies to keratinocyte hemidesmosomes (bullous pemphigoid antigens 1 and 2) -linear deposits of IgG at the epidermal-dermal junction |
Bullous Pemphigoid
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What does the following describe:
-rare immune disorder -associated with celiac sprue -itchy, grouped vesicles -bullae on extensor surfaces -subepidermal blister formation -granular IgA deposits at the tips of the dermal papillae -Responds to gluten-free diet |
Dermatitis herpetiformis
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Eczema (types)
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Acute
Chronic Atopic dermatitis Contact dermatitis |
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Chronic Eczema
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-d/t chronic scratching
-dry, thickened hyperkeratotic skin |
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Acute Eczema
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-vesicular, erythematous rash
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Atopic Dermatitis
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-IgE mediate hypersensitivity (type I)
-causes dry skin and eczema |
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Contact Dermatitis
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-allergic type (poison ivy) OR photodermatitis type (tetracycline reaction)
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What is the following:
-inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritis |
Eczema
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Erythema Multiforme is associated with serious syndrome?
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome - involves skin and mucous membranes
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What does the following describe:
-hypersensitivity skin reaction to infections or drugs (sulfas) -causes vesicles, bullae, and 'targetoid' lesions |
Erythema Multiforme
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Types of Malignant tumors of the skin (3)
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-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-Basal Cell Carcinoma -Histiocytosis X |
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What does the following describe:
-peak incidence at age 60 -Risk factors = sun exposure, fair complexion, skin ulcers, hydrocarbon/arsenic/burns/radiation exposure, immunosuppression, xeroderma pigmentosa -atypical keratinocytes invade the dermis -formation of KERATIN pearls -variant = Keratoacanthoma (result in rapidly growing, dome shaped nodules with central keratin-filled crater; self-limited and regress spontaneously) |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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What does the following describe:
-middle-aged, elderly -common in Western world -arises from basal cells of hair follicles -Risk factors = sun exposure, fair complexion, immunosuppression, xeroderma pigmentosum -often in sun-exposed, hair bearing areas -form pearly papules -rodent ulcer, heaped-up and translucent borders, telangectasia -micro = nests of basaloid cells with palisading growth pattern -grow slowly and metastasize rarely -locally aggressive |
-Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Histiocytosis X
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-in epidermis (Langerhans cell proliferation)
-micro = Birbeck granules -three clinical variants (unifocal, multifocal, acute disseminated) |
