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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The suffix -oma usually means |
benign tumor |
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The suffixes -carinoma and -sarcoma mean |
malignant tumor |
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Which type of tumor has slow growth, is local (doesn't spread), is histologically well differentiated, and rarely recurs |
Benign tumors |
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Which type of tumor features rapid growth, risk for metastasis, anaplasia, dysfunction, invasive growth, and commonly recurs |
Malignant tumors |
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The ________ of a tumor describes a histologic analysis of the degree of anaplasia |
Grade |
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The ______ of a tumor describes its location and pattern of spread |
Stage |
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A stage 0 tumor is also called carcinoma ___ ______ |
in situ |
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Stage ____ indicates the tumor has begun distant metastasis and spread to other organs |
IV |
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The two important classes of genes involved in cancer growth |
- Normal proto-oncogenes (these become over-active) - Tumor suppression genes (anti-oncogenes)(these are inactivated) |
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What are proto-oncogenes |
Normal genes that cells need to undergo mitosis and create new cells. It is only when mutated or over-activated do they become "oncogenes" that have the potential to cause cancer. |
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Two important tumor suppression genes |
- pRb - master brake of the cell cycle, inhibits transcription- p53 - suicide genes, causes apoptosis of errant cells |
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What is the pRb gene |
tumor suppression gene - master brake of the cell cycle - inhibits transcription |
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What is the P53 gene |
Tumor suppression gene - Suicide gene; causes apoptosis of errant cells |
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Metastasis |
the process of spreading to sites distant from the primary site |
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What is cachexia |
wasting of the body due to chronic illness |
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"Lymphoproliferative disorders" is another term for |
Hematologic cancers |
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Leukemia |
excessive WBCs in the blood |
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Types of leukemia |
- Lymphoid -ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia) - CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) - Myeloid - AML (acute myeloid leukemia) - CML (chronic myeloid leukemia |
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The "Philadelphia chromosome" is the product of a certain translocation between Chromosomes 9 and 22 in some individuals. It makes a protein that causes ________ |
CML (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) |
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Lymphoma |
cancer in which the original cells become cancerous in the lymph nodes (not bone marrow) |
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A blood test (will)or(will not) give a reliable indicator of lymphoma |
will not. Leukemias show up well in a blood test; lymphomas do not. |
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Two categories of lymphomas |
Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
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What are the characteristic abnormal cells found in the biopsies of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma |
Reed Sternberg cells |
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Common symptoms of lymphomas |
Weight loss, night sweats, intermittent fever |
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What type of cancer is characterized by malignant proliferation of differentiated (antibody-secreting) B cells |
Plasma cell myeloma (AKA multiple myeloma) |
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What is characteristic about how antibody levels show up on serum electrophoresis tests in an individual with Plasma Cell myeloma |
A monoclonal antibody peak; ie, a huge number of a single kind of antibodies. Normally you would see a more even distribution; with PCM you get huge numbers of the same antibody, leading to a single huge peak on electrophoresis tests |
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Chemotherapy and radiation usually work best by what method of killing cancer cells |
inducing apoptosis |