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10 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Albuterol
(Proventil, Ventolin) |
CLASS:
Sympathomimetic bronchodilator PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Albuterol is a beta-adrenergic that acts relatively selectively at beta 2 adrenergic receptors to cause smooth muscle dilation causing bronchodilation and vasodilation. INDICATIONS: • Bronchial asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with asthma, COPD, or allergic reaction CONTRAINDICATIONS: • Hypersensitivity SIDE EFFECTS: • Tachydysrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, cough, tremors, irritability PRECAUTIONS: • Use with caution in patients with hypertension, coronary insufficiency, seizure disorders, diabetes • MAO inhibitors and Tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate tachycardia and hypertension RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: 2.5 mg in 3ml NS nebulized. May be given in-line nebulizer via ETT tube • Pediatrics: < 1 year, 1.25 mg in 3 ml NS nebulized. May be given in-line nebulizer via ETT tube |
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Ipratropium Bromide
(Atrovent) |
CLASS:
Parasympatholytic bronchodilator PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Chemically similar to atropine, ipratropium causes cholinergic inhibition in bronchial smooth muscle, by blocking acetylcholine receptors, resuting in relaxation and dilation. It has little or no systemic antichoinergic effects. Ipratropium also dries respiratory secretions. INDICATIONS: • Asthma • Bronchospasm due to COPD CONTRAINDICATIONS: • Hypersensitivity to drug, atropine, soy, or peanuts • Glaucoma SIDE EFFECTS: • Palpitations, dizziness, anxiety, tremors, headache, nervousness, dry mouth, cough PRECAUTIONS: • Use caution in patients with coronary artery disease • Should not be used as primary treatment of bronchospasm RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: 0.5 mg in 2.5 ml NS nebulized (May be mixed with albuterol) • Pediatrics: 0.25 mg in 2.5 ml NS nebulized (May be mixed with albu |
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Diphenhydramine
(Benadryl) |
CLASS:
Antihistamine PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Binds with the H1 receptor site. May inhibit mast cell damage. Antihistamine which blocks action of histamines during an allergic reaction; also an anticholinergic, antiparkinsonism effect used to treat acute dystonic reactions to antipsychotic drugs. INDICATIONS: • Second line drug in anaphylaxis • Allergic reactions • Dystonic reactions to antipsychotic drugs CONTRAINDICATIONS: • Not recommended for pregnant or nursing females SIDE EFFECTS: • May cause generalized weakness, dizziness, decreased LOC, hypotension, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, blurred vision (anticholinergic effects) PRECAUTIONS: • Use caution with acute asthma & COPD (causes thickening of bronchial secretions) • May have an additive effect with alcohol & other CNS depressants • May cause CNS stimulation in pediatrics RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: 50 mg IV slow push or deep IM injection • Pediatrics: 2-5 mg/kg IV slow push or deep IM injection (This dose varies greatly in most protocols) |
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Methylprednisolone
(Solu-Medrol) |
CLASS:
Steroid/Anti-inflammatory Glucocorticosteroid (synthetic) PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: As a synthetic steroid, methylprednisolone acts as a potent ant-inflammatory agent and will suppress immune responses. It may stabilize cell membranes by decreasing permeability and prevent the release of histamine preventing excess lactic acid accumulation. Methylprednisolone increases the blood pressure by increased sodium and water reabsorption. INDICATIONS: • Severe asthma/COPD • Anaphylaxis • May be indicated for acute spinal cord injury in some systems CONTRAINDICATIONS: • Hypersensitivity to drug SIDE EFFECTS: • Headache, restlessness, hypertension, bleeding, irritation, nausea, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia PRECAUTIONS: • Administer with caution in diabetes mellitus • Incompatible with other drugs, flush well • Solu-Medrol is not considered a 1st line drug • Effects of Solu-Medrol are generally delayed for several hours • Generally not recommended for spinal cord injuries more that 8 hours old RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: 125 mg IV • Pediatrics: Call medical direction |
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Furosemide
(Lasix) |
CLASS:
Diuretic PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Potent diuretic with rapid onset of action. It acts primarily by inhibiting sodium re-absorption throughout the kidney. Increase in potassium excretion occurs along with the sodium excretion. It produces peripheral venous dilation reducing cardiac preload. INDICATIONS: • Acute pulmonary edema • Congestive heart failure CONTRAINDICATIONS: • Dehydration • Hypokalemia • Hypovolemia • Pregnancy • Hypersensitivity SIDE EFFECTS: • Diarrhea, headache, dizziness, dehydration PRECAUTIONS: • Rapid administration can cause auditory changes, including tinnitus & hearing loss • Patient must be able to produce urine RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: 20-40 mg slow IV push (May need to double the dose if patient is taking home Lasix) • Pediatrics: Not Recommended |
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Nitrogycerine
(Nitro) |
CLASS:
Nitrate PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Nitroglycerin relaxes smooth muscle, resulting in dilation of both arterial and venous beds. The dilation of the post-capillary vessels, including large veins, promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, which reduces left ventricular and diastolic pressure, possible minimizing infarction size by reducing preload. Myocardial oxygen consumption or demand is also decreased. The direct dilation of the large coronary arteries antagonizes vasospasm and increases blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Nitroglycerin causes reduction in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. INDICATIONS: • Angina and acute MI • CHF and acute pulmonary edema • Hypertensive crisis CONTRAINDICATIONS: • Hypotension • Recent use of Viagra or ED medications SIDE EFFECTS: • Headache, dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, burning under the tongue, flushing PRECAUTIONS: • Use caution in patients with evidence of RV infarction • Use caution in patients with • Not recommended for patients with cerebral bleeding RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: 0.4 mg SL every 3-5 minutes • Pediatrics: Not Recommended |
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Morphine Sulfate
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CLASS:
Narcotic Analgesic PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Morphine has a combination of actions in the CNS. It depresses respiratory, cough and vasomotor center in the medulla. Respiratory bronchioles are constricted, but morphine has no effect on pulmonary vascular resistance. Pain and anxiety are relieved by central effect, which raises the pain threshold, and produces euphoria and sedation. Morphine results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased venous capacitance, venous pooling and venous return to the heart, potentially causing a decrease in heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption. INDICATIONS: • Pain and anxiety associated with an A.M.I. • Severe Burns • CHF and acute pulmonary edema • Isolated traumatic injuries CONTRAINDICATIONS: • Hypersensitivity • Respiratory distress not associated with pulmonary edema • Shock, hypotension • Usually not recommended for multi-systems trauma • Head injuries SIDE EFFECTS: • Sedation, confusion, headache, hypotension, miosis, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression PRECAUTIONS: • Be prepared to ventilate if necessary • Vasodilation causes hypotension • May be reversed with Narcan • Use caution in elderly or pregnant patients RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: 2-10 mg IV push • Pediatrics: 0.1 mg/kg IV slow push |
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Mark I Nerve Agent Kit
|
CLASS:
Antidote Auto-injectable Atropine Sulfate ( Parasympatholytic) Auto-injectable Pralidoxime Chloride (Cholinesterase reactivator) PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Same as Atropine. Pralidoxime- Attaches to the nerve agent that is inhibiting the cholinesterase and breaks the agent-enzyme bond to restore the normal activity of the enzyme. This is noticeable in organs with sympathetic receptors, like skeletal muscle. The effects are not apparent for systems with parasympathetic receptors, and will not cause a decrease in secretions. INDICATIONS: • Suspected Nerve Agent exposure with signs and symptoms • Signs and symptoms include salivation, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, urnation, defecation, vomiting, cardiac dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, seizures, paralysis. CONTRAINDICATIONS: • None in the case of severe nerve agent or cholinergic poisoning SIDE EFFECTS: • Tachycardia, dry mouth may occur within 5-10 minutes and indicates the antidote is working, CNS excitement PRECAUTIONS: • Atropine precautions should be included • Larygospasm, tachycardia and muscle rigidity have occurred following rapid administration. Pralidoxime should be administered after Atropine. • Benzodiazepine should be made available for treatment of post-exposure seizures • Always assure safety and protection of rescue personnel RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: Administer 1 kit. Maximum dose of 3 kits. • Pediatrics: Call medical direction |
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Epinephrine
(Adrenalin) |
CLASS: Sympathomimetic
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Catacholamine with alpha and beta effects. Increases heart rate, myocardial contraction and force, systemic vascular resistance, arterial blood pressure, myocardial O2 consumption, and automaticity. Also a potent bronchodilator. INDICATIONS: • Ventricular fibrillation • Asystole • PEA • Severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis • Acute asthma attacks • Hypotension not responsive to dopamine • Symptomatic bradycardias refractory to atropine, pacing and dopamine CONTRAINDICATIONS: • Hypovolemic shock • Hypertension • Tachydysrhythmia’s (Cardiac related) SIDE EFFECTS: • Anxiety, tremor, palpitations, vomiting, headache, tachydysrhythmia, HTN, AMI PRECAUTIONS: • Use caution with narrow angle glaucoma • Will precipitate if added to sodium Bicarbonate • May lead to hypertensive crisis RECOMMENDED DOSE: • Adults: Cardiac Arrest- 1 mg 1:10,000 IV/IO push q 3-5 minutes (May give ETT at 2 mg 1:10,000 followed by 10 cc saline flush) Moderate/Severe Allergic Reaction- 0.3 mg 1:1000 SC/IM Anaphylaxis- 0.1 mg 1:10,000 IV push (usually call in and may be followed by continuous infusion) Bradycardia/Hypotension- 2-10 mcg/min • Pediatrics: Cardiac Arrest & Bradycardia- 0.01 mg/kg 1:10,000 IV/IO push q 3-5 minutes (ETT dose if 0.1 mg/kg 1:1000) Allergic/Anaphylaxis- 0.01 mg/kg 1:1000 SQ/IM |
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Succinylcholine
(Anectine) |
CLASS: Neuromuscular blockade agent (depolarizing)
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Succinylcholine is a depolarizing agent, resulting in blockade at the neuromuscular junction. This results in a paralysis of most muscles, including respitory musculature. Succinylcholine binds to the receptors for acetylcholine. Due to the depoloraization of the muscle membrane, fasciculations and some muscular contractions may occur. Succinylcholine has the quickest onset and briefest duration of action, which makes it the drug of choice for procedures such as endotracheal intubation. INDICATIONS: - To facilitate endotracheal intubation. - Termination of laryngospasm - Muscle relaxation CONTRAINDICATIONS: - Burns or injuries in the first 12 hours. - Known hypersensitivity - Skeletal muscle myopathies - Inability fo providor to control and/or support ventilations. - Personal or family history of malignant hyperthermia. - Acute rhabdomyolysis - Intraocular injuries SIDE EFFECTS: - Hypotension - Respitory depression/arrest - Bradycardia - Dysrythmias - Muscle fasciculations - Exsessive salivation - Malignant Hyperthermia - Allergic reaction - Succinylcholine may exacerbate hyperkalemia in trauma pt.s PRECAUTIONS: - Oxytocin, beta-blockers, chronic contraceptive use, and organophosphates may potentiate effects. - Diazepam may reduce duration of action. - Cardiac glycosides may induce dysrhythmias. RECOMMENDED DOSE: - Adult: .3-1.1 mg/kg over 10-30 seconds IV - Pediatric: 1-2 mg/kg rapid IV |