Osseous Tissue, Bone Structure & Skeletal System (Ch. 6+9)

Front 1

Functions of skeletal system

Back 1

1- Support
2- Storage of minerals (Ca)
3- Storage of lipids (yellow marrow)
4- Blood cell production (red marrow)
5- Protection (of organs/soft tissues)
6- Leverage (force of motion)

Front 2

Characteristics of Osseous tissue

Back 2

-Dens matrix (Ca deposits & osteocytes within lacunae)
-Canaliculi (passageways for nutrients/wastes)
-Periosteum (covers outer surfaces of bones)

Front 3

Osteoprogenitor cells

Back 3

-Mesenchymal stem cells, divide to produce osteoblasts
-Located in endosteum
-Assist in fracture repair

Front 4

Osteoblasts

Back 4

-Bone building
-Immature bone cells, secrete compounds thru osteogenesis to create osteoid (matrix)

Front 5

Osteocytes

Back 5

-Mature bone cells in lacunae
-B/t lamellae of matrix
-Do not divide
-Help repair damaged bone

Front 6

Osteoclasts

Back 6

-Bone recycling
-Giant, multinucleate
-Dissolve bone matrix -> osteolysis

Front 7

Compact (dense) bone

Back 7

-Osteon is basic unit
*Osteocytes arranged in
concentric lamellae around
central canals
*Perforating canals carry blood
vessels into bone & marrow

Front 8

Spongy Bone

Back 8

-No osteons
-Matrix forms open network of
trabeculae (no blood vessels)
-Space b/t trabeculae->RBCs

Front 9

Periostium

Back 9

-Covers all bones except in joint
capsules
-Outer, fibrous layer, inner, cellular one

Front 10

Endostium

Back 10

-incomplete cellular layer
-lines medularry (marrow) cavity
-covers trabeculae of spongy bone

Front 11

Bone shape - long, flat, sutural, short, & sesamoid

Back 11

long-long & thin (arms, legs)
flat-thin w/ II surfaces (skull, sternum)
sutural-small, irregular (skull)
short-small & thick (ankle, wrist)
sesamoid-small & flat (inside tendons)

Front 12

Bone markings - Depressions/grooves, Projections, Tunnels

Back 12

Depressions-along bone surface
Projections-where tendons/ligaments
attach
Tunnels-where blood & nerves enter
bone

Front 13

Endochondoral Ossification + 6 steps

Back 13

Def:ossifies bone that originates as
hyalin cartilage
1-Bone starts as cartilage, then die
2-Blood supply develops around
perichonrdium
3-Blood supply migrates into dead
cavity
4-Bone enlarges & osteoclasts
invade
5-Epiphysis begins to calcify
6-Epiphyses fill w/ spongy bone

Front 14

Intramembranous Ossification + 3 steps

Back 14

Produces dermal bones
1-Mesenchymal cells aggregate,
differentiate into osteoblasts &
begin ossification
2-As spicules interconnect, they
trap blood vessels w/in bone
3-Over time, bone assumes
structure of spongy bone

Front 15

Appositional growth

Back 15

-Compact bone thickens & strengthens
long bones w/ layers of circumf.
lamellae
-Deepest layer recycled

Front 16

Mechanical properties of bone depend on....

Back 16

1-Type of loading
2-bone density
3-repetitive loading

Front 17

Functional vs. structural classification

Back 17

Functional-based on ROM
Structural-based on anatomical org.
of joint

Front 18

Synarthrosis

Back 18

Immovable
1-sutures->interlocked bones (skull)
2-Gomphosis->fibrous cnxn (teeth)
3-Synchondrosis
4-Syntosis->fused bones

Front 19

Ampiarthrosis

Back 19

Slightly movable
1-Syndesmosis->ligament cnxns
2-Symphysis->fibrous cartilage cnxns

Front 20

Cartilage: characteristics, functions

Back 20

-Supports soft tissues, body weight
-Shock absorption/protection
-Chontrocytes surrounded by lacunae

Front 21

Components of synovial joints

Back 21

1-articular cartilage->pad surfaces,
prevent bone from touching
2-synovial fluid->slippery
->lubrication (reduces friction)
->nutrient distribution
->shock absorption

Front 22

Accessory structures of synovial joints

Back 22

-Fibrous cartilage pad->meniscus
(articular disc)
-Fat pads-protect cartilage
-ligaments-support/strengthen joints
-tendons-support joint
bursae-pockets of synovial fluid