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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where do spinal symptoms refer to in the knee? |
antero-medial (L2-3) posterolateral (L4 - S2) |
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where do symptoms in the hip refer to in the knee? |
anterior aspect wosre with walking |
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what are some of the structural and developmental disorders of the knee? |
genu varum genu valgum genu recurvatum (hyperextension) osgood schlatters |
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what are some systemic patholies that affect the knee? |
gout tuberculosis gonorrhea AS |
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what are some localized knee pathologies? |
ACL/PCL/MCL/LCL injury traumatic arthritis OA RA meniscal injury loose bodies hemarthrosis plica patellar dysfunction |
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what is knee locking? |
blocked extension usually in the last 5 deg |
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what might knee locking indicate? |
torn meniscus or loose intraarticular body |
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what is the normal end feel with knee extension?? |
capsular |
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what is knee extension end feel with meniscal injury? |
hard end feel |
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what is pseudo locking? |
restricted ROM without mechanical block |
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what is ligamentous instability? |
when the knee gives out and the pt falls from a torn ACL, patellar subluxation, torn meniscus or a loose body |
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what is traumatic arthritis in the kne and what do they end up with? |
arthritis associated with lig injury ends up with capsular restriction or post immobilization stiffness |
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what might occur in the knee with OA? |
joint swelling, mm atrophy, articular instability |
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what is the end feel with a loose mouse or body in knee extension? |
springy |
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who does hemoarthrosis usually affect? |
hemophiliacss or the elderly |
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what happens to knee ROM with hemarthrosis? |
limited to 90 flexion and 45 extension |
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what is plica in the knee? |
incomplete absorption of synovial folds |
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what iss a normal plica fold like? |
soft and highly elastic |
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when does a MCL sprain occur? |
strong valgus force |
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why might a medial meniscal patho also occur with an MCL sprain? |
the strong attachment to each other |
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when is the LCL sprained? |
contact sports - rarely |
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how is the coronary lig sprained? |
in a rotational strain |
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how is the anterior cruciate lig sprained? |
with a valgus blow to the knee |
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what is the terrible triad? |
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus |
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how does a PCL tear occur? |
falling onto a flexed knee with a plantar flexed foot - MVA |
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what is noticed on physical examination of the PCL? |
post sag sign + posterior drawer + |
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what is the ratio of male to female meniscal tears? |
2.5:1 |
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what iss the peak incidence of traumatic tears of the meniscus? |
men 21-40 women 11-20 |
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what is the peak incidence of degenerative tears of the meniscus? |
ment 31-40 women 61-70 |
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what is the other name for prepatellar bursitis and what is the cause? |
housemaids knee caused by kneeling |
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what is the other term for infrapatellar bursitis and where is the location of pain? |
clergymans knee pain in front of knee when walking |
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where is the suprapatellar bursa? |
tenoperiosteal jx of patellar retinaculum |
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what is the other name for semimembranous bursitis? |
bakers cyst |
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where is the iliotibial tract bursa and when is there pain with bursitis? |
over the lateral condyle pain with extension and ER against resistance |
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what mms attach to pes anserines? |
sartorius gracilis semitendinosus |
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when is pain felt with pes anserinus bursitis? |
full ER and resisted flexion of the knee |
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what is iliotibial band friction syndrome? |
overuse injury caused by friction of the distal iliotibial band over the lateral femoral epicondyle resulting in pain, thickening and inflammation |
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what are the causes of ITB friction syndrome? |
distance running structural abN of lower quadrant insufficient myofascial length mm toness facilitated by irritated spinal segment |
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what is patellar tendonitis? |
inflammation of the patellar tendon due to direct trauma or overuse |
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where does patellar tendonitis generally occur? |
80% occurs at junction of patellar tendon and the inferior pole of the patella |
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what are the causes of patellar tendonitis? |
overuse of quads training errors tight quads tight hams RA, Gout SLE PCL deficiency |
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what is the other term for chondromalacia Patella? |
patellofemoral syndrome |
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what is chondromalacia Patella? |
softening of the medial patellar facet and sclerosis of the subarticular bone of the lateral patellar facet |
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what causes chondromalacia Patella? |
insufficient loading of the medial patella and excessive loading of the lateral patella |
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what causes insufficient loading and excessive loading on the patella? |
PF compression prolonged or repetetive squatting tight hams or quads direct ant trauma to patella PCL lax |
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what would be some of the physical findins with chondromalacia Patella? |
ant knee pain and swelling worse after prolonged activity pain on knee flexion (squatting) tenderness palpating medial and latteral boders clicking, snapping crepitus weak quads |
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what maintains the patella in the intercondylar groove? |
lateral condyle of femur contraction of VMO retinaculum |
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what direction do the quads try to pull the patella? |
laterally |
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what is the MOI for a patellar dislocation? |
increase Qangle poorly developed lateral cartilage weakness of VMO laxity of ligs |
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what are 2 very common things to occur at the knee? |
infection DJD |
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what are the 2 patellar fractures talked about? |
avulsion comminuted crush |
