Ortho Class Quiz

Front 1

Lateral cephalometric analysis provides a morphological description of?

Back 1

Skeletal & Dental relationships

Front 2

What are the measurements compared against in lateral cephalometric analysis?

Back 2

“ideals” (Adonis) or “norms” (longitudinal growth studies, cross sectional analysis)

Front 3

When do you take cephs in ortho tx?

Back 3

prior to comprehensive eval, interim tx (growth, tx effects), post tx

Front 4

What do you analyse with a ceph?

Back 4

landmarks, planes, measurements

Front 5

What is the distance from the x-ray source to the mid-sagittal plane of the patients head when taking a ceph?

Back 5

60” (5 ft)

Front 6

What is the distance from the mid-sagittal plane of the patients head to the cassette when taking a ceph?

Back 6

18 cm from midsagittal (15 cm from side of face to cassette)

Front 7

What side of the face is enlarged when taking the ceph?

Back 7

the side further away from the film

Front 8

Who are the first individuals to establish use of the lateral ceph technique?

Back 8

Broadbent & Hofrath

Front 9

What are the hard tissue landmarks used when evaluating a ceph?

Back 9

Sella (S), Nasion (N), Orbitale (Or), Anteriror Nasal Spine (ANS), Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS), Porion (Po), A point/Subspinale (A), B point/Supramentale (B), Pogonion (Pog), Menton (Me), Gnathion (Gn), Gonion (Go)

Front 10

What are the anatomic planes used as reference points when tracing a ceph?

Back 10

Sella-Nasion (SN), Frankfort plane, Frankfort Horizontal (FH), Palatal Plane (PP), Functional Occlusal plane (FOP), Mandibular Plane (MP)

Front 11

Where is the Sella (S)?

Back 11

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark geometric center of the pituitary fossa (midpoint)

Front 12

Where is the Nasion (N)?

Back 12

the cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the most anterior point of the sagittal JUNCTION of the frontonasal suture

Front 13

Where is the Orbitale (Or)?

Back 13

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark located at the lowest point in the inferior margin of the orbit. (if there are two images, it is the midpoint between right and left images)

Front 14

Where is the Anteriror Nasal Spine (ANS) ?

Back 14

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the most anterior bony point on the MAXILLA at the base of the nose (anterior point)

Front 15

Where is the Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS) ?

Back 15

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the most posterior limit of bony PALATE (palatine bone)

Front 16

Where is the Porion (Po)?

Back 16

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the most superior point on the bisected EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS (if cephalostat has metal marker it will be located in this area and be referred to as the “machined porion”)

Front 17

Where is the A point (A)? where is it located?

Back 17

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark located on the innermost curvature of the maxilla between ANS and crest of the maxillary alveolar process

Front 18

Where is the B point? Where is it located?

Back 18

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the most posterior point of the curvature from the bony chin to alveolar junction

Front 19

What is the Pogonion (Pog)?

Back 19

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the most anterior point on the anterior curvature of the mandibular symphysis

Front 20

What is the Menton (Me)?

Back 20

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the most inferior point on the mandibular symphysis

Front 21

What is the Gnathion (Gn)?

Back 21

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the most outward and everted point on the curvature of the symphysis

Front 22

How is the position of the gnathion determined?

Back 22

Constructed from the intersecting line drawn perpendicular to the line connecting Menton & Pogonion

Front 23

Where is the Gonion (Go)?

Back 23

a cephalomteric hard tissue landmark that is the point at the middle of the curvature at the angle of the mandible

Front 24

How is the position of the Gonion determined?

Back 24

constructed from the intersection of the ramus plane and the mandibular plane

Front 25

What is the plane formed by connecting S & N?

Back 25

Sella-Nasion (SN) plane

Front 26

How is the Frankfort Plane constructed?

Back 26

formed from the Porion (upper rim of the external auditory meatus) to the Orbitale (the inferior border of the orbital rim)

Front 27

What is the plane formed from connecting ANS to PNS?

Back 27

Palatal Plane

Front 28

A normal/balanced individual should have a Palatal Plane that is nearly parallel to what other plane?

Back 28

Frankfort Horizontal (FH)

Front 29

How do you form the Functional Occlusal Plane?

Back 29

Trace a line through the distal cusp tip of the maxillary 1st molar and through the occlusal contact of the upper and lower premolars registered at the averaged mesial

Front 30

How do you form the Mandibular Plane?

Back 30

Draw a line from Gnathion (Gn) to Gonion (Go) tangent (along) to the posterior inferior border of the mandible

Front 31

What is Steiner Analysis?

Back 31

Cecil Steiner from SoCal had “ideals” based on an individuals measurements in relationship to a pattern set by the relationship measures from the group. It created a baseline guide of standardized measurments for use in cephalometric treatment planning.

Front 32

What is the first measurement in Steiner Analysis?

Back 32

SNA (angle)

Front 33

What does the SNA angle responsible for measuring? and what is the “norm”?

Back 33

evaluates the anteroposterior position of the MAXILLA relative to anterior cranial base, the “norm” is 82 plus or minus 2 degrees

Front 34

What value would be interpreted as maxillary protrusion, when measuring SNA in Steiner Analysis? Maxillary retrusion?

Back 34

greater than 84 degrees for protrusion, less than 80 degrees for retrusion

Front 35

What is the second measurement in Steiner Analysis?

Back 35

SNB (angle)

Front 36

What does the SNB angle responsible for measuring? and what is the “norm”?

Back 36

evaluates the anteroposterior position of the MANDIBLE, the “norm” is 80 plus or minus 2 degrees

Front 37

What value would be interpreted as mandibular prognathism, when measuring SNB in Steiner Analysis? Mandibular retrognathism?

Back 37

greater than 82 degrees for mandibular prognathism, less than 78 degrees for mandibular retrognathism

Front 38

What is the third measurement in Steiner Analysis?

Back 38

ANB angle

Front 39

What is the ANB angle in Steiner Analysis? What does it determine?

Back 39

the difference between SNA & SNB angles (angle created by SNA & SNb), used to indicate the magnitude of skeletal jaw discrepancy (more important than which jaw is at fault)

Front 40

What is the SN-MP angle in Steiner Analysis? What does it determine?

Back 40

mandibular plane angle (at the angle of the mandible), used to establish vertical position of the mandible (long face look, etc)

Front 41

What are the two factors that influence the magnitude of the ANB angle?

Back 41

1. The vertical height of the face 2. Anteroposterior position of nasion, if abnormal the size of the angle will be affected

Front 42

What happens to the ANB angle if the distance between nasion and points A & B increase?

Back 42

the ANB angle will decrease

Front 43

What is the fourth measurement in Steiner Analysis?

Back 43

1-NA (upper incisor to NA)

Front 44

What is the fifth measurement in Steiner Analysis?

Back 44

1-NB (lower incisor to NB)

Front 45

What is the angle of inclination a measurement of in Steiner analysis? how is it formed?

Back 45

the angle that indicates the degree that the maxillary or mandibular teeth are tipped, formed from the relationship of the upper incisor to the NA line, and both the lower incisor and chin to the NB line

Front 46

When you look at the position of incisor in a mm measurement, what are the proper terms used to describe positional measurement?

Back 46

protruded or retruded measurement

Front 47

When you look at the position of incisor in an angle measurement, what are the proper terms used to describe positional measurement?

Back 47

proclination or retroclination

Front 48

What does the millimeter distance from the vertical line to incisal edge determine?

Back 48

how prominent the incisor is relative to the supporting bone, indicates whether tooth has been tipped to its position or has moved there bodily

Front 49

What does the prominence of the chin (pogonion) compared to the prominence of the lower incisor establish? What is this relationship referred to as?

Back 49

balances between how prominent the incisor and chin can be in relation to each other, referred to as the Holdaway ratio

Front 50

What is the final measurement in the Steiner analysis?

Back 50

the inclination of the mandibular plane (Go-Gn) to SN, also referred to as the Y-axis

Front 51

What is the significance of the Y-axis in Steiner analysis?

Back 51

it is the only indicator of the vertical proportions of the face (last measurement of face)

Front 52

What is the norm for the Y axis?

Back 52

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