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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a workgroup?
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Two or more individuals brought together for purposes of completing a collective task
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Why are workgroups necessary?
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Brings together diverse knowledge and opinions (two heads are better than one)
Can be more efficient (divide and conquer) Higher quality decisions and outcomes |
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Disadvantages of Workgroups
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Teams satisfice
People distort information to fit their preferences (or only focus on information that fits their preferences) Unique information is not often shared in group discussion (shared information bias) |
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What is grouptalk?
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discussing info that is common and already known
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How do the following relate to advocacy & inquiry
1)Concept of decision making 2)Purpose of discussion 3)Participants’ role 4)Patterns of behavior 5)Minority views 6)Outcome |
1)Concept of decision making
A- Contest I- Team 2)Purpose of discussion A-Persuasion & Lobbying I- Testing & Evaluation 3)Participants’ role A- Spokesperson I- Critical Thinkers 4)Patterns of behavior A- Defend position & downplay contrary evidence I-Balanced Argument Open to Alts 5)Minority views A- Discourages I- Cultivated / Valued 6)Outcome A- Winner/ Looser I- Collective Ownership |
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When should the advocacy group process be used?
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all info is common OR you have a vested interest in a particular outcome
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When should the inquiry group process be used?
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parties have unique info & you are trying to uncover best solution
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Why are teams sometimes not effective?
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There is a tendency to focus on shared information
AKA Groupthink! |
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When should group decisions be made?
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The Task is:
1) complex 2) requires division of labour 3) requires creativity & innovation 4) needs a co-operative buy in 5) unfamiliar |
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When should individual decisions be made?
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1) simple
2) no division of labour 3) traditional 4) no cooperative buy in 5) routine |
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How are groups typically formed
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Based on
1) Proximity 2) Similarity- Attraction Phenomenon |
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Advantages to similar groups
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1) Low Start Up Cost (generally)
2) Agree-ability 3) High cohesion |
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Disadvantages to similar groups
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1) Narrow Perspective
2) Low Motivation 3) Lack of Diverse Ideas 4) Opportunity for Groupthink |
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What is groupthink?
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When norm for consensus overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives
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How to Avoid groupthink?
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leader avoids revealing own position
call on silent members use of a devil’s advocate |
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Sources of Group Diversity
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Demographic Diversity
(age, location, gender) Tenure Diversity (time) Functional Diversity (skill) Informational Diversity (knowlege/info) |
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What is a devil's advocate?
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A devil’s advocate is assigned to criticize a proposal/ idea
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How does the devil's advocate process work?
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1)A proposed course of action is generated
2)A devil’s advocate is assigned to criticize a proposal 3)The critique is presented to key decision-makers 4)Any additional information relevant to the issues is gathered 5)The decision to adopt, modify, or discontinue the proposed course of action is taken. 6)The decision is monitored |
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Conditions for Healthy Conflict?
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1)Focus on facts, not opinions
2)Work with many alternatives 3)Have common goals 4)Use humor (but beware of sarcasm) 5)Equality of opportunity and participation 6)Don’t force consensus (look for compromises) |
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What is coordination neglect
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A type of productivity loss composed of Focus and Communication
Foucs 1) partition neglect 2)component focus Communication 1) Inadequate Communication 2) Insufficient Translation |
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What is partition neglect?
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People tend to spend more time and effort on the process of division rather than integration
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What is component focus?
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People tend to focus more on individual parts
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What prevents integration?
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1) Inadequate Communication &
2) Insufficient Translation(technical translation to communicate) |
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Minimizing Coordination Neglect
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1) Create shared goals
2)Before dividing labor, identify where integration needs to occur 3)Make sure organizational practices reinforce a focus on coordination |
