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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Small / Negative pKa
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More acidic
Less basic |
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Higher number pKa
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Less acidic
Strong base |
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Add alcohol group to alkene
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Alkene + H2O and H2SO4
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Halogenation of alkene
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X-cl, X-Br + Alkane
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Halogenation, either side of double bond.
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Br-Br, cl-cl + Alkene (Trans, if cyclic)
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Anti Markonicov
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Diboron hexahydride + h2o2
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Form 2 alcohol groups (diol) from alkene.
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Osmium tetroxide oso4 (cis)
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Catalytic reduction of alkene
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Hydrogren (h2) + Platinum or paladium. Forms alkane.
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State Markovnikovs rule
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When halogenating an alkene, the hydrogen will attach to the most hydrogenated carbon.
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Cloronation of benzene
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Cl2 + AlCl3
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Bromination of benzene
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Br2 + FeBr3
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Oxidation of benzilic position
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Turns carbon at methyl position into carboxcyllic acid cooh.
Chromic acid potassium dichromate potassium permangenate |
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Nitration of benzene
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Benzene + HNO3 AND H2SO4.
Produces benzene with NO2 attached. |
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Sulfination of benzene
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Benzene + H2SO4
Benzene with SO2OH attached Benzene sulfonic acid |
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Alkylation (Adding methyl group to benzene)
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X-cl + AlCl3 to benzene, creates toluene (methylbenzene)
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Acylation (Double bonded O + cl)
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Benzene - bonded to C - double bonded to o AND whatever akyl group was attached
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State Zaitsevs rule
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The major product of an elimination reaction involving alkenes will be the most stubstituted product.
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Form alkene from alkane
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Strong base (Ethoixide - OCH2CH3)
Removes substituent - Br or Cl |
