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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are these blades commonly used for?
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from left to right:
10 blade - for large skin incisions 11 blade - used for small stab incisions 12 blade - used for mucogingival procedures 15 blade - used for incisions around teeth and soft tissue |
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How should a scalpel handle be held when making an incision?
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Pen grasp - allows maximal control of the blade
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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No. 9 Molt periosteal elevator
- Pointed end is used to begin the periosteal reflection and to reflect dental papilla from bw teeth - the broad, rounder end is used to continue the elevation of the periosteum from bone |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Austin retractor
- used to retract cheek and mucoperiosteal flap simultaneously |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Minnesota retractor
- used to retract cheek and flaps |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Weider retractor
- used to retract the tongue in a medial and anterior direction |
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What instruments are these? What are they used for?
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Top: Adson tissue forceps
- used to gently stabilize soft tissue for suturing or dissection Middle: Sillies pickup - used to handle tissue in the more posterior aspect of the mouth (longer than the adson) Bottom: College pliers - angle forceps used for picking up small objects in the mouth or from the tray stand |
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What instruments are these? What are they used for?
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Both top pictures and bottom left: Allis tissue forcep
- used for grasping and holding tissue that will be excised Bottom right: Adson tissue forcep beak - used to gently stabilize soft tissue for suturing or dissection |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Rongeur
- used for bone cutting - have a spring loaded handle (allows surgeon to make bone trimming actions without manually reopening instrument) - side cutting and end-cutting NB: Rongeurs should never be used to remove teeth bc this practice will quickly dull and destroy the instrument, and risks losing a tooth into the throat bc rongeurs are not well designed to firmly hold onto an extracted tooth |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Curved hemostat
Uses: - control bleeding - removal of granulation tissue from sockets and to pick up small root tips, pieces of calculus, amalgam, fragments and other small particles that have dropped in the wound or adjacent areas |
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Which burs are more commonly used in oral surgery?
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Sharp carbide burs
No 557 and No 703 fissures burs No 8 round bur Large bone bur ( resembles acrylic bur) |
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What instruments are these? What are they used for?
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Mallet and chisel
- used for bone removal (often for lingual tori) |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Bone file
- used for final smoothing of bone before completing surgery - pull strokes best |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Periapical curette
- used to remove soft tissue from bony defects - removal of granulomas, small cysts from PA lesions or small amounts of granulation tissue debris |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Needle holder
- used for intraoral placement of sutures - has a locking handle and short blunt beak - cross hatched face hwlps positive grasp of needle |
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What instruments are these? How do they compare?
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Very top and bottom right: hemostat
Second from top and bottom left: Needle holder Hemostat has parallel groove on the face of the beaks which decreases the control over the needle and suture. Crosshatched design of needle holder beak best for using with sutures. |
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What are these? What are they used for?
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Cutting needles for suturing
- cutting portion extends about one third of the length - tapered needles used for delicate tissues |
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Classification of suture material based on size? Which are most commonly used in oral surgery?
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Diameter is designated by a series of zeros.
- most commonly used for suturing oral mucosa = 3-0 (000) - more zeros means suture is finer |
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Examples of non-resorbable suture material? Which one is more commonly used in oral cavity?
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- silk ( most commonly used in oral cavity)
- nylon - vinyl - stainless steel |
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Types of resorbable suture materials? How long does each last in oral cavity?
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Most made of gut (serosal surface of sheep intestines - eww!)
- Plain catgut 3-5 days - Chromic gut (treated with chromic acid) 7-10days Synthetic resorbable sutures last up to 4 weeks |
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Examples of synthetic resorbable sutures?
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polyglycolic acid
polylactic acid |
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Which sutures are classified as monofilament?
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- plain or chromic catgut
- nylon - stainless steal |
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Which sutures are classified as polyfillament?
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- silk
- polyglycolic acid - polylactic acid |
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Advantages/Disadvantages to using polyfilament sutures?
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+ easy to handle and tied
+ rarely come undone - tend to wick oral fluids along suture to underlying tissue which may carry bacteria |
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Advantages/Disadvantages to using monofilament sutures?
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- more difficult to tie and tend to come untied
- cut ends are stiffer and may irritate tongue and soft tissue +do not cause wicking action |
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Which suture type is used most commonly in the oral cavity and why?
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3-0 black silk
- appropriate amount of strength - polyfilament of silk makes it easier to tie and well tolerate by ptn soft tissues - colour is easy to see - usually stay in the mouth no longer than 5-7 days so wicking is of little clinical importance Note: Some surgeons prefer using 3-0 chromic suture to avoid having to remove it later. |
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What instruments are these? What are they used for?
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Top: Iris sissors
- used for fine work Bottom: Metzenbaum scissors - used for undermining soft tissue and cutting NB: these scissors should not be used to cut sutures bc suture material will dull the edges of the blade and make them less effective and more traumatic when cutting tissue |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Suture scissors
- used for cutting suture (duh!) Example Dean Scissors |
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What instruments are these? What are they used for?
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Bite blocks
- used to hold ptn mouth open - for most adults, pediatric size block is adequate when placed over molar teeth |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Molt mouth prop
- used for keep ptn mouth open - useful for ptn who are deeply sedated or have mild forms of trismus |
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What instruments are these? What are they used for?
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Top: Typical surgical suction
- hole present to prevent tissue damage Bottom: Fraser suction tip - has a hole in the handle to allow the the operator more control over the amount of suction power (cover the hole when want to remove solution more rapidly) |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Towel clip
- used to hold the drape in position |
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What type of instrument is this (general)? What is it used for?
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Dental elevator
Uses: - loosening teeth before application of dental forceps - luxation of teeth/roots - expansion of alveolar bone |
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Types of elevators (3 main)
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1. Straight type
2. Triangle or pennant shape type 3. Pick type |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Varying size of the straight elevator
No.301 is frequently used for beginning the luxation of an erupted tooth |
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When to use large vx small elevators?
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Small straight (No 301) elevator is frequently used for beginning the luxation of an erupted tooth
Large straight elevator (No 34S, 46, 77R) are used to displace roots from their sockets and luxate teeth if widely spaced |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Tirangular (Cryer) elevator
- most useful when a broken root remains in the tooth socket and the adjacent socket is empty - tip of the elevator is placed into the socket with the shank of the elevator resting on the buccal plate of the bone - turned in a wheel-and-axel rotation with the sharp tip engaging into the cementum |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Crane pick elevator
- used to elevate whole roots or even teeth after the purchase point has been prepared with a bur - used like a lever |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Root-tip pick
- used to tease root fragments from their socket NB: this instrument is delicate and should not be used in a wheel-and-axel or lever type manner |
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Difference bw american and english style forceps?
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American type has a hinge in a horizontal direction
English style has vertical hinge and a corresponding vertical positioned handle |
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How can you quickly tell a mandibular from a maxillary forcep by just looking at the beak?
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Maxillary: beak parallel to handle
Mandibular: beak perpendicular to handle |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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English style forceps
- can be used for single rooted teeth in the mandible - great force can be generated with these forceps |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Maxillary universal forceps No. 150
- singled rooted max teeth |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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No 150A forceps
- useful for maxillary premolar teeth and should not be used for incisors bc of its poor adaptation to the roots of incisors |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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NO. 1 forceps
- maxillary incisors and canines - easier to use than 150 for these teeth |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Paired 53L and 53R forceps
- used for maxillary molars (adapted for smooth concave surface of palatal root and buccal bifurcation) |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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210S forcep
- used for max second premolars or third molars (erupted) that have single conical roots |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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No. 65 forcep
- very narrow beaks - used to remove broken maxillary molar roots - can be used for removal of narrow premolars and for lower incisors |
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What instrument are these? What are they used for?
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Top: No 150
- singled rooted max teeth Bottom: No 150S forcep - used for primary teeth extraction |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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No 151 forceps
Lower universal forcep - used for single rooted mandibular teeth |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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No 151A
- lower premolar teeth (only, poor adaptation to other teeth) |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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English style forceps
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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No 17 forcep
- lower molar - beaks fit into bifurcation of lower molars |
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What instrument is this? What is it used for?
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Cowhorn No 87 foceps
- lower molars - beaks enter bifurcationand once seated handles are pumped up and down so that the tooth is actually elevated by squeezing NB increased chance of fractures of alveolar bone or damage to maxillary teeth if force not properly controlled when molar exits socket |
