Ohio State Psych 1100 - Midterm 2 - Learning

Front 1

Involves the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, or responses form experience that result in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner

Back 1

Learning

Front 2

Something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism

Back 2

Unconditioned Stimulus

Front 3

A reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus

Back 3

Unconditioned Response

Front 4

A stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism

Back 4

Conditioned Stimulus

Front 5

Reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by a conditioned stimulus

Back 5

Conditioned Response

Front 6

The phase when the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli are pushed together

Back 6

Acquisition

Front 7

When the unconditioned stimulus had acquired its ability to produce learning from an earlier procedure in which it was used as a conditioned stimulus

Back 7

Second-Order Conditioning

Front 8

The conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a decline of the learned response

Back 8

Extinction

Front 9

The recover of learned responding, post-extinction, after a rest period

Back 9

Spontaneous Recovery

Front 10

The conditioned response is observed even though the conditioned stimulus is slightly different from the original conditioned stimulus used in acquisition (expanding of a fear)

Back 10

Generalization

Front 11

The capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli

Back 11

Discrimination

Front 12

Requiring the subject to do something (to operate) to elements of the environment

Back 12

Instrumental Behaviors

Front 13

Reinforcements from the environment

Back 13

Operant Conditioning

Front 14

A reward is presented, encourages behavior

Back 14

Positive Reinforcement

Front 15

Something unpleasant is removes, encourages behavior

Back 15

Negative Reinforcement

Front 16

Something unpleasant is given, discourages behavior

Back 16

Positive Punishment

Front 17

A reward is taken away, discourages behavior

Back 17

Negative Punishment

Front 18

Food, shelter, and basic needs to survive

Back 18

Primary Reinforcers

Front 19

Stimuli that derive their effectiveness from their association with primary reinforcers

Back 19

Secondary Reingorcers

Front 20

Predicts that sometimes too much external reinforcement for performing an intrinsically rewarding task can undermine future performance

Back 20

The Over-Justification Effect

Front 21

A particular response only occurs when the appropriate discriminative stimulus is present

Back 21

Stimulus Control

Front 22

A stimulus that is associated with reinforcement for a particular behavior in a particular situation

Back 22

Discriminative Stimulus

Front 23

Only some of the responses made are follower by reinforcement

Back 23

Intermittent Reinforcement

Front 24

Reinforcers are presented at fixed time periods, provided that the appropriate response is made

Back 24

Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule

Front 25

A behavior is reinforced based on an average time that has expired since the last reinforcement

Back 25

Variable Interval (VI) Schedule

Front 26

Reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been made

Back 26

Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule

Front 27

The delivery of reinforcement is based on a particular average number of responses

Back 27

Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule

Front 28

Something is learned but it is not manifested as a behavioral change until sometime in the future

Back 28

Latent Learning

Front 29

Mental representation of the physical features of the environment

Back 29

Cognitive Map

Front 30

Someone whose behavior might serve as a guide for others

Back 30

Model

Front 31

Occurs when a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response

Back 31

Classical Conditioning

Front 32

Learning that takes place by watching the actions of others

Back 32

Observational Learning