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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 3 ways to knowledge? |
Appeal to autority, deductive reasoning, scientific method |
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What does it take to expore? |
Sea worthy vessels and navigation technology |
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What were the 3 early instruments to help with navigation? |
Compass, sextant, chronometer |
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HMS Challenger collected what type of data? |
Micro¯o biology, salinity, depth of the ocean, temp of the ocean at various depths |
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What are the 3 programs International Corsortium has? |
Deep Sea Drilling Project, Ocean Drilling Project, International Ocean Discovery Project |
DSDP, ODP, IODP |
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The Big Bang consisted of what 2 eras? |
Radiation and Matter |
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There was too much energy to allow the formation of matter in which era? |
Radiation Era |
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What were the first elements in the universe? |
Hydrogen and Helium |
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What makes up an atom? |
Protons, neutrons, electrons |
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What are Protons? |
The positively charged particles in the nucleus... they tell us the atomic number |
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What are neutrons? |
The neutrally charged particles in the nucleus (1 proton, 1 electron) |
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What are electrons? |
Negatively charged particles in the electron cloud--can typically be the same number of protons |
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How do stars form? |
When enough matter clumps together and the pressure and temperature increases, nuclear fusion begins |
Nebular Hypothesis |
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Define nebula |
A cloud of gas and dust |
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Where did the oceans come from? |
Outgassing: the venting of volcanic gasses |
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What change our atmospheric conditions from the original outgassing atmosphere? |
Photosynthesis |
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When was the universe created? |
~13.7 billion years ago |
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Explain the Big Bang Theory |
The universe started from a singularity, when a huge sudden expansion scattered matter in all directions creating H and He |
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How are inner and outer planet different? |
Because the inner planets are in the hotter aspects of space they are more rocky and the outer planets are more gassy bc of the cooler temp. |
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Define density stratification? |
The formation of layers due to density grouping |
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Name the 5 oceans L->S and Deep-> shallow |
Pacific, atlantic, indian, southern, arctic Pacific, indian, atlantic, southern, arctic |
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What ocean has the lowest salinity and which ocean has the lowest biomass? |
Arctic, indian |
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Organize Earths layers by it's physical property (top->bottom) |
Lithosphere (rigid) Asthenosphere (plastic) Mesosphere (rigid) Outer core (liquid) Inner core (rigid) |
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How is the souther ocean defined? |
1. Extention of indian, atlantic and pacific 2. Has its own circulation system (ACC) 3. Includes sea floor from antarctic continental margin to the sea floor spreading center |
3 definitions |
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What are earths layers made of? |
Core: Iron and some nickel Mantle: iron and magnesium silicates Crust: (continental= O and Si) Crust: (oceanic= Mg and Fe) |
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Define bathymetry |
The discovery and study of ocean floor contours |
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What do marine sediments tell us? |
Current and past distribution of marine organisms, movement of sea floor, changes in cirrculation patterns |
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What are the classifications of sediment? |
Lithogenous, biogenous, hydrogenous, cosmogenous |
4 types |
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What is the meaning of neritic and pelagic? |
Of the coast (shallow waters) and of the sea (deep waters) |
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What makes water unique? |
Only substance to exist at 3 states, universal solvent, as it freezes becomes LESS dense |
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How is salinity measured? |
Parts per thousand 0/00 |
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How is density measured? |
Volume= mass/cm^3 |
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