Nutrition Mid-Term Ch. 3

Front 1

Cells are organized into tissues that perform specialized tasks and tissues, in turn, are grouped together to form whole organs.

Back 1

true

Front 2

Body fluids supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen, and nutrients, including water.

Back 2

true

Front 3

Timing of meals if important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.

Back 3

false

Front 4

Some nutrients are stored in the body in smaller quantities than others are.

Back 4

true

Front 5

Some vitamins are sored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

Back 5

true

Front 6

Cells can best be described as:

Back 6

self-contained living entities.

Front 7

Among he cells' most basic needs are _______ and the oxygen with which to burn it.

Back 7

energy

Front 8

The first principle of diet planning is that the foods we choose must provide energy and essential nutrients, including:

Back 8

water

Front 9

Which of the following determines the nature of the cell's work?

Back 9

genes

Front 10

Cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves every:

Back 10

3 days

Front 11

Which of the following cells normally replace themselves once every few years?

Back 11

muscle

Front 12

Which of the following types of cells do not reproduce, and if damaged by injury or disease, are lost forever?

Back 12

brain cells

Front 13

The blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the:

Back 13

lungs

Front 14

When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases:

Back 14

insulin.

Front 15

The nervous system's role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the:

Back 15

brain.

Front 16

Which of the following does not occur as part of the stress response.

Back 16

the digestive system speeds up.

Front 17

Which of the following are the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?

Back 17

phagocytes.

Front 18

The condition of inflammation that tissues undergo when they become injured or irritated:

Back 18

may involve loss of function of the affected body part.

Front 19

Most people have aversions to ____ tastes.

Back 19

bitter

Front 20

The digestive tract needs _____, which provides the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work.

Back 20

fiber

Front 21

The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient?

Back 21

protein

Front 22

The purpose of the villi and microvilli in he intestinal tract is to:

Back 22

trap the nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells.

Front 23

In cases of severe undernutrition, the small intestine will react by:

Back 23

shrinking to a much smaller surface.

Front 24

The major function of the kidneys is to:

Back 24

excrete wastes from the body in urine.

Front 25

The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into:

Back 25

Glycogen

Fat

Front 26

Without food to replenish it, the liver's glycogen supply can be depleted within:

Back 26

3-6 hours

Front 27

The bones provide reserves of:

Back 27

calcium

Front 28

Cells are related to the nutrients we eat in foods because:

Back 28

nutrients an affect how the genes in cells work.

Front 29

A gene variation in the cells can occasionally cause an inborn error metabolism. If this is discovered by a healthcare provider, the advice would be to:

Back 29

eat a special diet that will minimize its potential harm to the body.

Front 30

The importance of the lungs in the circulatory system is that they are responsible for:

Back 30

adding oxygen to the blood.

Front 31

Nutrients are delivered from the intestines through the circulatory system to the cells by:

Back 31

transport through the blood to the liver for chemical altering to make them better suited for use by the tissues.

Front 32

What is the role of the phagocytes and lymphocytes in protecting the body from invading organisms?

Back 32

killer T-cells seek out and destroy all foreign particles with the same identity.

Front 33

Chronic, low-grade inflammation in chronic disease of the interest because:

Back 33

it foretells of the risk of death from the disease.

Front 34

Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of:

Back 34

peristalsis waves to move the foods down through the digestive tract.

Front 35

Which of the following statements is true regarding the timing of meals?

Back 35

timing of meals if important to feeling well.

Front 36

Digestion of macronutrients begins in the mouth with the enzyme action on:

Back 36

Starches by designated carbohydrates.

Fats by designated lipases.

Front 37

The digestive juices in the digestive tract include:

Back 37

pancreatic juice, which neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine.

Front 38

The vast majority of fat digestion takes place in the:

Back 38

small intestine with lipases released by the gallbladder.

Front 39

You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormonal messages will tell an organ to send ____ in amounts matched to the amount of fat present.

Back 39

bile

Front 40

What are the major roles of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Back 40

the microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them

Front 41

Which of the following would occur in the malnourished child?

Back 41

the absorptive surface of the small intestine would shrink.

Front 42

Which of the following strategies should be used by someone experiencing heartburn?

Back 42

Drink liquids an hour before or after meals.

Eat smaller meals.

Front 43

If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that:

Back 43

antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while.

Front 44

Which of the following advice would you give to a friend suffering from constipation?

Back 44

Consume foods with adequate fiber.

Drink enough water.

Front 45

Which of the following should be consumed at intervals throughout the day?

Back 45

carbohydrate-containing foods

Front 46

If you do not eat on a regular basis throughout the day, the effect on the body will be:

Back 46

a coordinated effort to draw stored energy from various parts of the body.

Front 47

Which of the following deliver(s) one-half ounce of ethanol?

Back 47

5 ounces of wine.

12 ounces of beer.

Front 48

Which of the following organs makes almost all the body's alcohol-processing machinery?

Back 48

liver

Front 49

Although the recommendation is to drink in moderation if consuming alcohol, the following problem may still need to be considered:

Back 49

moderation is difficult to define because of differences in tolerance among people.

Front 50

A friend of yours is considering drinking one glass of wine a because she has heard that it may reduce her risk of heart attacks. What information would you provide to her?

Back 50

in middle-aged populations, taking 1-2 drinks a day may benefit the heart.