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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Origin
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End of tendon that is attached to a bone. Origin is closer to midline than the insertion
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Insertion
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Other end of tendon attached to bone that is moved by that muscle
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Tendons
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band-like extensions of the connective tissue wrapping muscle fibers
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Aponeuroses
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thin sheet-like tendons that attach muscles to bone
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Agonists
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muscles that act directly during a movement
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Antagonists
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muscles that act in opposition of agonsists
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The shoulder muscles are...
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Serratus Anterior, Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Perctoralis Major, Deltoid, and Pectoralis Minor
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The upper arm muscles are...
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Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis, and Brachialis
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The muscles of the forearm wrist and hand are...
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Brachioradialis, Supinator, Pronator Teres & Pronator Quadratus, Flexor Carpi Radialis & Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
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opposition
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the action of contraction of short muscles at the base of the thumb that allow contact with the tip of each digit
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Dorsal Interosseus Muscles
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permits abduction and adduction of the digits
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Synovial sheaths
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tendons contained in tunnels
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The major muscles of the thigh are...
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Psoas Major, Iliacus, Sartorius, Quadceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris, Adductor Group, and Gluteus Maximus (Minimus, Medius),
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The largest muscle in the body is...
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Quadriceps
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The muscles of the lower leg are...
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Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Peroneus Longus, and Peroneus Brevis
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The Soleus & Gastrocnemius shape the posterior of the calf, known as...
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Triceps Surae
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Facial muscles exist within...
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Superficial Fascia
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Muscles of the face include...
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Temporalis, Masseter, Medial Pterygoid, Lateral Pterygoid
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What are the six muscles that play a role in facial expressions?
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Obicularis oculi, Platysma, Obicularis oris, Zygomaticus, Buccinator, Epicranius
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What are thin muscles attached to the skin are called?
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Cutaneous muscles
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What are the two sets of muscles that move the eyeball called?
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Extrinsic muscles
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What muscles are responsible for the shape of the lens, pupil dialation and contraction?
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Intrinsic muscles
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The muscles of the neck are...
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Sternocleidomastoid, and Infrahyoid muscles
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What is the name of the line that descends down midline from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis?
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Linea Alba (connective tissue; no muscle, nerves, or vessels)
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The muscles of the abdomen are...
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Rectus Abdominus, External Oblique, Internal Oblique, and Transverse Abdominis
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What are the two major muscles of inpiration?
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Diaphragm and External intercostal muscles
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Laboured Breathing requires use of these muscles?
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Pectoralis Major and Trapezius
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Expiration requires these three muscles groups?
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Internal and External oblique, Transverse abdominis, and Rectus abdominis
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What are the two muscles that make up the floor of the pelvis?
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Levator Ani and Coccygeus
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Bone
or Osseous Tissue |
connective tissue that contains specialized cells and a matrix of extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance
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Which bones are longer than they are wide?
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Long bones
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humerus, or femur
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Which bones have roughly equal dimensions?
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Short bones
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wrist, ankle
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Which bones are thin and broad?
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Flat Bones
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parietal bone(skull), ribs, scapula(shoulder blades)
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Which bones have complex shapes?
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Irregular Bones
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vertebrae
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The central shaft of a bone is called the _____.
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Diaphysis
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The central marrow cavity contains _____, a loose connective tissue.
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Bone marrow
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The expanded portions at each end of the bone are called ______, and are covered with _______.
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Epiphyses, Articular cartilage
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Bone that is solid.
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Compact Bone
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Bone that resembles a network of bony rods or struts separated by spaces.
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Spongy bone
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Also know as Cancellous bone
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What are bone cells called?
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Osteocytes
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Small pockets found between narrow sheets of calcified matrix are called what?
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Lacunae
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Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are called _____.
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Lamellae
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Small channels that radiate through the matrix, and interconnect lacunae are called ______.
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Canaliculi
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What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?
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an Osteon
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Lamellae form rods or plates called _____.
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Trabeculae
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Mature Bone cells
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Osteocytes
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Giant cells with 50 or more nuclei, dissolve bone marrow to release minerals
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Osteoclasts
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Produce new bone through osteogenesis
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Osteoblasts
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The process of replacing other tissues with bone is called ________.
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Ossification
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_____ _____ begins when osteoblasts differentiate within embryonic or fetal fibrous connective tissue.
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Intramembranous ossification
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The place where ossification first occurs is called _______ ______.
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Ossification center
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_______ ______ is how most of the bones of the skeleton are formed through existing hyaline cartillage.
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Endochondral ossification
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Cartilage found on the epiphyses of a long bone.
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Epiphyseal cartilages
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The enlargement process in which cells of the periosteum develop into osteoblasts and produce additional bone matrix.
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Appostional growth
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What is remodeling?
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The process of replacing bone in a certain area. 18% of protein and minerals are replaced each year.
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What causes fractures?
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bone cracks or breaks if subjected to extreme loads, sudden impacts, or stresses from unusual directions.
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Inadequate Ossification is called ______.
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Osteopenia
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How many bones are there in the human body?
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206
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How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
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80
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How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?
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126
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How many bones in the skull?
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22, 8 in the cranium, 14 associated with the face
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Process
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projection or bump
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Ramus
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extension of a bone that makes an angle with the rest of the structure
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Trochanter
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large rough projection
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Tuberosity
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small rough projection
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Tubercule
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small, rounded projection
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Crest
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prominent ridge
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Line
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Low ridge
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Spine
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pointed process
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Head
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expanded articular end of an epiphysis
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Neck
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Narrow connection between epiphysis and diaphysis
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Condyle
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smooth rounded articular process
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Trochlea
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smooth, grooved articular process
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Facet
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small, flat articular surface
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Fossa
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Shallow depression
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Sulcus
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Narrow Grove
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Foramen
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Rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves
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Canal
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Passageway through the substance of a bone
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Fissure
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Elongated cleft
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Sinus
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Chamber within a bone, normally filled with air
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The bones of the foot are ______, _______, and _________.
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Tarsal, Metatarsal, and Phalanges
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The bones of the lower leg are ______ and _______.
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Tibia and Fibula.
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The bones of the upper leg are _______ and ________.
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Femur and Patella.
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The pelvis is made up of the ______ ___.
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Coxal bone
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The Vertebrae is made up of ___ cervical, ____ thoracic, and ____lumbar and the _____ and ______.
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7 cervical, 12 throacic, 5 lumbar and the sacrum and coccyx.
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The C1 is also known as the _____ (makes nodding possible).
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Atlas
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The C2 is also known as the _____ and allows the head to move back and forth. This vertebrae also has a projection called the _____.
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Axis, Dens
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The cranium is divided into six bones the ______, _____, ______, _____, ______, and _______.
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Parietal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Temporal, Occipital, Frontal
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PEST OF six
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The parietal bone interlock along the ______ suture.
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Saggital
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The parietal bone interlocks with the Frontal at the _____ suture.
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Coronal
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The occipital bone contacts the two parietal bones at the _____ suture.
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Lambdoid
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The ____ _____ connects the cranial cavity with the spinal cavity
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foramen magnum
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The two projections on the foramen magnum are the _____ _________.
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Occipital condyles
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The temporal and parietal bones intersect at the ______ suture.
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squamous
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tympanum
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eardrum
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The point of articulation with the lower jaw.
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Mandibular fossa
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The ____ ______ is a long sharp process that is attached to ligaments that connect to the hyoid bone.
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Styloid process
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pen-shaped
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