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247 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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complicated fx, multisegmentary, significant soft tissue injury
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Comminuted Fracture
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2 types
Butterfly and Segmental |
Comminuted Fracture
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fracture with a break in the skin
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Compound Fracture
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Low energy, less than 1 cm, transverse or oblique
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Compound Fracture
Grade I |
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More than 1 cm, more energy, minimal to moderate crushing
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Compound Fracture
Grade II |
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More than 10cm, much soft tissue damage, very high energy
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Compound Fracture
Grade III |
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spine becomes broken due to trauma or vertebrae weakened due to disease
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Compression Fracture
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most common in postmenopausal women and in the lower back
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Compression Fracture
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Pain in the back, may radiate up the neck, abdominal pain or thigh pain, numbness, tingling and weakness, incontinence and fever
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Compression Fracture
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fracture that involves epiphyseal plate
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Salter-Harris Fracture
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Epiphyseal slip, no fracture, involves growth plate, growth not disturbed
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Salter-Harris Fracture
Type I |
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fx through epiphyseal plate w/ proximal fragment, most common
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Salter-Harris Fracture
Type II |
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fx through epiphysis extending into epiphyseal plate
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Salter-Harris Fracture
Type III |
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fx through both epiphysis and shaft crossing the epiphyseal plate
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Salter- Harris Fracture
Type IV |
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crush injury causing obliteration of growth plate
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Salter- Harris Fracture
Type V |
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fx in young, soft bone which bends and partially breaks
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Green Stick Fracture
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bone fracture with skin intact
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Simple (closed) Fracture
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fx where bone gets twisted apart
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Spiral Fracture
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highly unstable fx, complications of mal-union or non-union, looks like a corkscrew on the x-ray
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Spiral Fracture
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most common happens due to child abuse, falling down stairs or sports injuries
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Spiral Fracture
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Incomplete fracture in kids, affects both sides of the bone
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Torus/Buckle Fracture
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occurs when a bone breaks after being subjected to repeated tensile or compressive stress
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Stress Fracture
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risk factors:
hx of prior stress low level of physical fitness increased volume/intensity of physical activity diet poor in Ca |
Stress Fracture
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tenderness of affected bone, increased activity = increased pain, pain eventually in decreased levels of activity or rest
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Stress Fracture
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hematogenous spread, trauma, overuse, arthritic conditions
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Bursitis
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pain, stiffness, possible fever, erythema, edema, inflamed bursal region
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Bursitis
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luxation or subluxation most commonly in shoulders, fingers, knees, wrists and elbows
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Dislocations
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Risk Factors:
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Congenital Hip Dysplasia |
Dislocations
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direct trauma, advanced age, eccentric loading, steroid injection into tendon
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Tendon Tears
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most common in quadriceps tendon, patellar tendon, achilles tendon, flexor tendons
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Tendon Tears
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a snap or pop you hear or feel
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Tendon Tears
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severe pain, rapid bruising, marked weakness, inability to use the affected limb, inability to bear weight, deformity of the area
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Tendon Tears
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minimal pain and demonstrates no detectable joint instability
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Ligament Tears
First Degree Sprain |
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severe pain, demonstrated minimal joint instability
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Ligament Tears
Second Degree Sprain |
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severe pain during course of injury and little pain afterward, joint completely unstable
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Ligament Tears
Third Degree Sprain |
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Painful joints on movement, pain to touch, swelling and discoloration
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Ligament Tears
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caused by overuse, improper technique, repetitive motion
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Tendonitis
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pain with activity, slight weakness, no atrophy, pain is chronic and bothersome but not disabling, pain not associated with edema
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Tendonitis
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caused by bacterial inoculation that is direct, nearby or hematogenous spread, Staph is most common
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Septic Bursitis
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caused by inoculation or contiguous spread around a joint
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Superficial Septic Bursitis
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bursa becomes infected by hematogenous or septic spread from adjacent sites
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Deep Septic Bursitis
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pain, edema, warmth, tenderness of joint, fever, common sites include prepatellar and infrpatellar
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Septic Bursitis
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most common of the cystic condition, ages 5-15, more common in boys
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Benign Solid Bone Cyst
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proximal in 50% of cases, upper femur in 25% of cases
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Benign Solid Bone Cyst
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asymptomatic until fracture
active= attached to plate inactive= separated from plate |
Benign Solid Bone Cyst
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myleogenous tumor
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Ewing Sarcoma
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most common in pelvis, ages 5-25, more common in males, from chromosome abnormality
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Ewing Sarcoma
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central lytic tumor, onion skin, hair on end appearance, commonly misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis
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Ewing Sarcoma
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small developmental fibromas seen almost exclusively in the metaphyseal areas of the lower extremities of growing child
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Fibrous Cortical Defet
(Non-ossifying fibroma) |
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can be multiple, if excessive stress placed symptomatic
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Fibrous Cortical Defet
(Non-ossifying fibroma) |
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most common benign tumor of bone
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Fibrous Cortical Defet
(Non-ossifying fibroma) |
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benign tumor of adipose tissue
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Lipoma
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golf ball under the skin
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Lipoma
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most common primary tumor of bone
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Multiple Myeloma
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causes bony destruction, most common on trunk, hip and shoulder area, hypercalcemia, renal damage, diffuse punched out lytic areas at multiple bony sites
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Multiple Myeloma
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most common benign osteoid forming tumor
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Osteoid Osteoma
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most common on upper portion of femur, dull aching pain, fusiform bulge seen on x-ray
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Osteoid Osteoma
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metaphyseal areas of long bones, most commonly found on distal femur, 50% seen near the knee, symptoms of pain before tumor mass is noticeable, dilated veins in overlying skin
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Osteosarcoma
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radiology shows Codman's reactive triangle, Sunburst pattern
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Osteosarcoma
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most commonly seen in hamstring, quadriceps and gastrocnemius
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Strains
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pain with muscle stretching, localized tenderness, muscles crossing two joints should be examined over both
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Strains
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severe pain, balling up, ecchymosis and swelling
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Grade III Strain
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most commonly lateral with inversion
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Sprain
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stretching with no detectable instability
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Grade I Sprain
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greater stretching resulting in detectable instability but no tear or partial tear
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Grade II Sprain
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complete disruption of the ligament
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Grade III Sprain
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most common from hematogenous spread and most commonly seen in the knee
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Septic Arthritis
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edema, pain, limitation of motion of joint, acute, monoarticular, warm
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Septic Arthritis
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caused by reduction of blood flow through the arteries, appears gradually, cold and numb, red to brown to black and shriveled
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Dry Gangrene
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complication of an untreated wound, swollen and decays, foul smelling, oozing, black, extremely painful, fever
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Wet Gangrene
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cause by Clostridia, when pressed gas produces crackling sensation
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Gas Gangrene
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acute or chronic inflammatory process of the bone and its structures secondary to infection with pyogenic organisms
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Osteomyelitis
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commonly in long bones of kids, signs and symptoms of acute inflammation, localized pain, decreased activity, malaise
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Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
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caused by failure of treatment or no treatment, sequestrum builds up, dx is easier if drainage is present
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Chronic Osteomyelitis
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seen in riflemen, skeet shooters, baseball and tennis
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AC Joint Separation
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direct blow to tip of shoulder causes pain, varying decrease in motion
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AC Joint Separation
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mild blow causing partial tear of AC joint
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AC Joint Separation
Grade I |
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AC ligament completely torn but CC ligament remains intact
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AC Joint Separation
Grade II |
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severe force, tear CC ligament and AC ligament and capsule
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AC Joint Separation
Grade III |
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clavicle displaced posterior
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AC Joint Separation
Grade IV |
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severe inferior displacement or glenohumeral joint w/ clavicle superior to acromion`
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AC Joint Separation
Grade V |
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distal end of clavicle locked inferior to coracoid
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AC Joint Separation
Grade VI |
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Gamer's thumb, Washerwoman's thumb
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De Quervian's Tenosynovitis
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caused by repetitive activity involving pinching with the thumb while moving the wrist or caused by trauma
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De Quervian's Tenosynovitis
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pain at the base of the thumb and radial side of the wrist, pain with pinching, pain with resisted thumb abduction
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De Quervian's Tenosynovitis
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inflammation of the synovium most common in white men over 50
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Dupuytren's Tenosynovitis
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Painless, no inflammation, finger stuck in flexor position, palm can't be flattened
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Dupuytren's Tenosynovitis
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small lump or pit in the palm, dimpling or puckering of the skin
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Dupuytren's Tenosynovitis
Early Stage |
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thick cordlike superficial fibrous tissue in the palm
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Dupuytren's Tenosynovitis
Late Stage |
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most common epicondylitis
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Lateral Epicondylitis
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involves extensor muscles of the wrist and hand "tennis elbow," caused by overuse and repetitive motion
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Lateral Epicondylitis
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tenderness over the lateral epicondyle, pain with extending the wrist against resistance, pain is chronic, more bothersome than debilitating
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Lateral Epicondylitis
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involves common flexor pronator origin, ulnar nerve compression at the elbow may occur in conjunction, caused by overuse and repetitive motion
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Medial Epicondylitis
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tenderness over medial epicondyle, pain reproduced with flexion of the wrist against resistance
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Medial Epicondylitis
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structure that arises from the capsule of a joint or tendon synovial sheath
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Ganglion Cyst
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most common benign soft tissue tumor
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Ganglion Cyst
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common locations include the dorsum of the wrist, the velar radial aspect of the wrist and the base of the finger
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Ganglion Cyst
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lump on the wrist, aching pain aggravated by activity, size increases with increased activity
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Ganglion Cyst
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bump at the base of a finger that causes tenderness when grasping, swelling on the dorsum of the finger to the DIP joint, cycle of the cyst breaking open and draining clear jelly-like fluid
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Ganglion Cyst
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nursemaid elbow
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Radial Head Subluxation
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occurs when a child is pulled too hard by the hand or wrist ex: being lifted up by one arm
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Radial Head Subluxation
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child crying, refusing to use their arm, holding their arm slightly bent and pressing up against the abdomen, will move the shoulder but not the elbow
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Radial Head Subluxation
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caused by acute injury, years of cummulative irritation leading to attenuation of tendons, age-related degeneration, chronic mechanical impingement or altered blood supply to the tendons
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Rotator Cuff Disorder
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recurrent shoulder pain, night pain and difficulty sleeping, weakness, catching and grading, unable to abduct/flex shoulder, pain most pronounced between 60 and 120 degrees of abduction, possible atrophy and the back of the shoulder may appear sunken
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Rotator Cuff Disorder
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signs and symptoms attributable to compression of the nerves/vessels as they pass above the first rib and behind the clavicle
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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results from compression of the neuromuscular structures supplying the upper extremity
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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most commonly caused by a scarred scalene muscle secondary to neck trauma or sagging of the shoulder girdle from aging, obesity or pendulous breasts
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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pain, numbness, weakness, swelling, onset gradual, symptoms worsened by elevating/abducting the arm above 90 degrees, carrying heavy weight, sleeping and worse at the end of the day
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton, autoimmune, more common in males, occurs in early adulthood
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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pathologic hallmark: sacroilitis
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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early symptoms include pain in the buttocks, heels and lower back, pain is worse in the morning, improves with activity and then resumes at evening, loss of lordosis in cervical and lumbar spine
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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caused by central disk herniation, complication of ankylosing spondylitis, after an epidural or spinal anesthesia or from a compressive lesion
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Cauda Equina Syndrome
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sciatica, lower extremity weakness, loss of bladder control, erectile dysfunction and saddle anesthesia or paresthesia
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Cauda Equina Syndrome
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compression and paralysis of nerve roots in the lumbar spinal cord, surgical emergency
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Cauda Equina Syndrome
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impingement on nerve roots by bulging or herniated disc, narrowing of the exit foramina or degenerative hypertrophy of posterior joints
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Cervical Radiculopathy
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pain and tenderness in the neck with distal symptoms, numbness, weakness and incoordination
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Cervical Radiculopathy
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must have lower back pain for at least 3 months, decreased chest expansion and sacroilitis
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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coccygeal pain either with or without objective findings
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Coccydynia
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caused from a fall on the tailbone, trauma, childbirth, frequent/prolonged sitting or infection
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Coccydynia
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pain, proctalgia, dyspareunia, lumbosacral spine TTP, rectal swelling and redness, tenderness with a rectal exam and sharp pain on compression of coccyx
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Coccydynia
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common condition of inflammation of costochondral junction of the ribs or chondrosternal joints of the anterior chest wall
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Costchondritis
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caused by a hx of illness, hx of strenuous exercise, trauma, strain, emotional stress or muscle overuse
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Costochondritis
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aching, sharp or pressure in the chest wall, pain exacerbated by upper body movement, deep breathing or exertion, thoracic regions TTP
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Costochondritis
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normal changes in spinal discs as you age, caused from the effects of aging and wear and tear
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Degenerative Disk Disease
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chronic low back pain that sometimes radiates to the hips, pain in the buttocks when walking, sporadic tingling and weakness through the knees and pain increases with sitting, bending, lifting and twisting
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Degenerative Disk Disease
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tear in the annulus fibrosis that allows the nucleus pulposus to bulge out
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Disk Herniation
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caused from general wear and tear, occupations with lifting, trauma or from a strong genetic component
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Disk Herniation
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pain can range from little to severe back pain and will radiate, numbness, tingling, muscular weakness, paralysis/parasthesia, affects the reflexes and symptoms are typically felt on one side of the body
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Disk Herniation
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One of the top causes of work-day loss and causes is normally idiopathic, strain or disease
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Low Back Pain
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risk factors include smoking, weight, heavy labor, genetics and age
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Low Back Pain
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vague presentation, Waddell signs should be used, and imaging should be used sparingly
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Low Back Pain
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an abnormal curvature of the spine as viewed in the coronal plane, more common in females ages 10-12, cause is mostly idiopathic with some genetic predisposition
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Scoliosis
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painless, shoulder or pelvis not level, waist asymmetry, varying curves and a "rib hump" as the patient bends over
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Scoliosis
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narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of the nerve roots
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Spinal Stenosis
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most common in patients over 60, mostly commonly acquired, results from enlarging osteophytes at facet joints, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum and has insidious onset
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Spinal Stenosis
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2 types: lateral and central
complaints of leg pain or trouble walking, back pain radiating into buttocks, "shopping cart sign," MRI shows characteristic "hourglass" appearance |
Spinal Stenosis
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stress fracture of the pars interarticularis
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Spondylolysis
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most common in athletes that repetitively hyperextend their lumbar spines, can be a stress fracture in older patients
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Spondylolysis
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low back and leg pain, aggravated by extension, standing or activity and relieved by rest, scissors gait and sperling's sign
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Spondylolysis
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dx with standing lumbar x-ray and the appearance of a collar around the scottie dog's neck
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Spondyloysis
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pain, numbness and weakness in the median nerve distribution at the wrist
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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pressure on the peripheral nerve produces dysfunction in the nerve, more common in females and risk factors include: occupation, diabetes, hyperthyroidism and pregnancy
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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vague wrist pain, numb thumb, pain with flexed wrist, loss of fine motor control and 2-point discrimination, can also include nocturnal symptoms
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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forward displacement of the vertebral body compared to vertebra beneath, bony defect of the pars
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Spondylolisthesis
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most common type under 50, primary defect of the pars interarticularis within the lamina, occurs young, normally during a growth spurt between 10 and 15
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Isthmic Spondylolithesis
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cost common type over 50, gradual degenerative changes in posterior facet joints and narrowing of the disk, commonly L4-L5 region
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Degenerative Spondylolithesis
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back pain or leg pain, tight hamstrings and a bent knee, classic Phalen-Dickson sign, palpation of the spine relveals step-off, kyphotic and trunk appears shortened
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Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
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symptoms of stenosis, pain when walking beyond a well-defined distance, pain relieved by sitting down or bending over
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Degenerative Spondylisthesis
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caused by a forceful blow to a bent finger, a cut on the top of the finger or is related to OA and RA
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Boutonniere Deformity
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PIP flexed, DIP hyperextended
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Boutonniere Deformity
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caused by hyperflexion of the finger or when a ball hits and outstretched finger
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Mallet Finger
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pain in the DIP joint, unable to extend the DIP joint
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Mallet Finger
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caused by a tendon problem on the back of the hand, and untreated mallet finger or RA of the fingers
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Swan Neck Deformity
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PIP hyperextended, DIP flexed
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Swan Neck Deformity
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inherited disorder causing progressive myopathy, degeneration and replacement with fibrous and fatty tissue
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Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
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most common and severe form, inherited x-lined from mother only, dystrophin is markedly low or absent
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Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
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normal birth and development, after 3-5 years muscle mass loss impairs function, psuedohypertrophy appears at calf first, skeletal deformities, muscle contractors and cardiac involvement, Gower's sign, lordosis, commonly intellectual retardation
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Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
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chronic MSK pain syndrome with multiple tender points
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Fibromyalgia
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most common in women 20-50, cause unknown but may be associated with complications of hyperthyroidism, RA or sleep apnea in men
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Fibromyalgia
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chronic aching, fatigue, no objective findings, pain on both sides of the spine, above and below the waist and along the spine, 11-18 trigger points for pain
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Fibromyalgia
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systemic panarteritis affecting medium and large size vessels in patients over 50
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Giant Cell Arteritis
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caused by inflammation within the walls of the affected vessels
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Giant Cell Arteritis
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headache, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatic, visual abnormalities, nodular, erythematous temporal artery
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Giant Cell Arteritis
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uric acid deposition in joints causing inflammatory arthritis, more common in men
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Gout
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acute onset of monoarticular pain, swelling, often in the middle of the night, peaking at 24-48 hours
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Acute Gouty Arthritis
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generally asymptomatic, ensuing attacks become polyarticular and more severe with a longer duration
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Intercritical Gout
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nodular masses of uric acid crystal deposited in soft tissues, most commonly the hands, elbows and knees
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Tophaceous Gout
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sudden onset of extreme pain, tenderness and inflammation of the joint, gold standard is demonstration of urate crystals
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Gout
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acute gout-like attacks of inflammation with calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystal deposition
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Pseudogout
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hereditary, associated with metabolic disorder or associated with trauma
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Pseudogout
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low grade inflammation of 1 or more joints lasting several days to weeks, most common in the knee, symmetric distribution, flexion contractures of affected joints common
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Pseudogout
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symmetric swelling of multiple joints with tenderness and pain, MCP and PIP joints most commonly affected, morning stiffness, rheumatoid nodules, ocular symptoms and palmar erythema
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Inflammatory Arthritis
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chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetric destructive synovitis, more common in females, could be auto-immune or hereditary
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Inflammatory Arthritis
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inflammatory synovitis in children
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Juvenile RA
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more common in females, more than 4 joints affected, large lower extremity joints and TMJ, anterior uveitis, iridocyclitis, psoriasis and muscle atrophy
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Oligoarticular Juvenile RA
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more common in females, more than 5 joints affected, rheumatoid nodules
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Polyarticular Juvenile RA
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spiking fevers several times a day, salmon colored rash over the trunk and limbs, lymphadenopahty, liver, heart and pleura also involved
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Systemic Juvenile RA
"Still Disease" |
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in kids, morning stiffness/gelling, easily fatigued and joint pain/swelling, warm joints, no erythema and painful ROM
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Juvenile RA
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what types of cancer can spread to bone?
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breast, prostate, thyroid, renal cell carcinoma and lung cancer
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a degenerative joint disorder with minimal articular inflammation
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Non-inflammatory Arthritis
Osteoarthritis |
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80% of people have x-ray changes but asymptomatic, caused by genetics and obesity is a risk factor
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Non-inflammatory Arthritis
Osteoarthritis |
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no identified cause, most common type, progressive loss of cartilage and reactive changes to bone
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Primary OA
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degenerative joint disorder with known participants such as articular injury
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Secondary OA
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complaints of pain increasing as the day progresses, stiffness, swelling, limited motion in the joint and crepitus
Most commonly DIP, PIP, CMC, 1st MTP and spine |
Non-inflammatory Arthritis
Osteoarthritis |
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a severe osteoporosis caused by a mutation in the major gene encoding for collagen type I
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta
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hereditary and causes a short stature, pectus excavatum, broad forehead, spinal deformity, blue sclera, soft brown teeth with caries, thin translucent skin, hearing loss and a dilated aorta
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta
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a systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting small and medium sized arteries, more common in males ages 40-50
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Polyarteritis Nodosa
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rheumatological disorder sometimes associated with a viral infection
2 types: Classic and Microscopic |
Polyarteritis Nodosa
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fever, weight loss/anorexia, peripheral neuropathy, myalgias, arthritis and arthralgia, affects skin, GI tract, kidneys and heart
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Polyarteritis Nodosa
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a common vasculitis among the elderly, often coexists with giant cell arteritis (poss same disorder)
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Polymyalgia Rheumatic
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aching and myalgia that can affect ADL's, fever, weight loss, malaise, anorexia, the PE is less striking then the severity of the symptoms, muscles are tender but not atrophied, systemic inflammatory response is predominant
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Polymyalgia Rheumatic
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a syndrome of paroxysmal digital ischemia in response the cold or emotional stress
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Raynaud Phenomenon
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most common in women, idiopathic, symmetric, thumbs rarely affected, intense rub or, throbbing and swelling, terminates with warmth
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Primary Raynaud
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rheumatological disorder, nailfold capillary abnormality, digital pitting, ulceration, not symmetric, can be severe enough to cause digital ulceration or gangrene
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Secondary Raynaud
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aseptic inflammatory arthritis that usually follows non-gonococcal urethritis or infectious dysentary
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Reiter's Syndrom
Reactive Arthritis |
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most common in young men, asymmetric, affects lower extremity joints, large swelling knee effusions and sausage toes
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Reiter's Syndrome
Reactive Arthritis |
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Triad
urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis |
Reiter's Syndrome
Reactive Arthritis |
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caused by current or recurrent chlamydia infection, shigella, salmonella, yersinia, campylobacter or HIV
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Reiter's Syndrome
Reactive Arthritis |
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rare chronic disorder charcterized by diffuse fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, more common in women, thought to be autoimmune
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Scleroderma
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Raynaud is first manifestation
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Sleroderma
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polyarthralgia, puffiness is hands, face, tips of fingers and progresses proximally, 2 types
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Sleroderma
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Which type is most common type of sleroderma?
What is it charcterized by? |
limited
CREST calcinosis cutis, raynaud, esophegeal motility disorder, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia |
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Which is the uncommon type of scleroderma?
What is it characterized by? |
diffuse
pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac abnormalities |
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most common in black or hispanic women in the 2nd - 4th decade, cause is unknown but thought to be linked to genetics, hormones, environment or medications
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Systemic Lupus Erythematous
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malaise, "butterfly rash," joint symptoms, non-erosive, symmetric, cardiac disorder, renal disorder, hematologic disorder and higher rates of spontaneous abortions and premature births
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Systemic Lupus Erythematous
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a skeletal disorder characterized by a loss of bone that reduces the integrity and results in increased risk of fracture
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Osetoporosis
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most common in post-menopausal women, caused from aging, high doses of steroids, alcoholism or hormone deficiency
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Osetoporosis
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asymptomatic until fracture occurs, varying degree of backaches, loss of height
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Osteoporosis
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a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by dryness of eyes and mouth
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Sjogren's Syndrome
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most common in women where glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed, lyphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands
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Sjogren's Syndrome
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Sicca syndrome, dry cough, difficulty swallowing, mild-non erosive arthritis
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Sjogren's Syndrome
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immune-mediated myopathy most common in black women around age 40
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Polymyositis
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unknown immune-mediated processes triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals
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Polymyositis
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gradual and progressive proximal muscle weakness, fever, fatigue and dysphagia
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Polymyositis
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a curving of the spine that causes bowing or rounding of the back that leads to hunchback or slouching posture
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Kyphosis
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results from a failure of formation or segmentation and can lead to progressive dislocation, must be treated to obtain stability and prevent paralysis
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Congenital Kyphosis
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curvature is more abrupt than round back, caused by wedging of 3 or more vertebrae in a row, in severe cases bracing and surgery can be required
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Scheuermann's Kyphosis
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in adults caused by degenerative disease, injury, spondylolistheis, endocrine disease or MS
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Adult Kyphosis
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round back appearance, mild back pain, tenderness and stiffness in the spine, fatigue and difficulty breathing in severe cases
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Kyphosis
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hyperextension most commonly in the lumbar spine, swayback or saddle back
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Lordosis
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often accompanies scoliosis, may be secondary to flexion contracture of the hip, seen in pregnancy
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Lordosis
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most common in middle age men, caused by mechanical overload or sudden forceful dorsiflexion, sever pain, pop/snap, palpable gap, weakness, increased dorsiflexion
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Achilles Tendon Rupture
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caused by prolonged high doses of steroids or traumatic injury, hip/knee pain, nonspecific dull hip/groin ache, antalgic gait and pain with internal/external rotation in later stage
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Aseptic Necrosis
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common in runners and workers that stand a long time, caused from repetitive micro trauma from prolonged walking/running
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Plantar Fasciitis
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inferior heel pain, pain often severe in the morning, pain relieved by rest and worse with prolonged weight-bearing, walking or standing
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Plantar Fasciitis
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severe fixed deformity of the foot, most common in males with hereditary correlation
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Club Foot
(Talipes Equinovarus) |
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plantar flexion, heel inversion, medial deviation of foot
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Club Foot
(Tapiles Equinovarus) |
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normal in infants should resolve by 5-10 years old, possibly hereditary
2 types: rigid and flexible |
Flatfoot
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bunion deformity most common in women from wearing tight pointed shoes, could be congenital or result from severe flatfoot, chronic achilles tendon tightness or RA
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Hallus Valgus Deformity
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medial eminence pain, impingement of the 2nd toe and inability to wear certain shoes
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Hallus Valgus Deformity
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1st metatarsal angle is varus, proximal and distal phalanges angle is valgus, bump on the side of 1st hallux
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Hallus Valgus Deformity
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idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head most common in boys ages 4-10
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Legg-Calve Perthes Disease
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painless limp, atrophy of the thigh, limited hip ROM, loss of abduction and internal rotation compared to the opposite side
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Legg-Calve Perthes Disease
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one of the most serious problems in pediatric orthopedics characterized by ligamentous laxity
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Developmental Hip Dysplasia
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positive family history, breech position, female and first born
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Developmental Hip Dysplasia
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shortening of the thigh with asymmetry of the gluteal folds
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Developmental Hip Dysplasia
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most common in boys ages 10-17 with excessive body weight, weakness of the growth plate of the femur
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Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
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insidious onset of hip, thigh or knee pain, painful limp, pain is worsened by activity, limitation of internal rotation of the hip, unable to fully flex the hip to abdomen and antalgic gait
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Slippped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
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medial is most common site, pain, swelling, popping sensation, occasionally locking or giving way, positive McMurray sign
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Meniscus Injury
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most common in active preteen boys, caused by overuse and sports, anterior knee pain worse with activity and better with rest, tenderness over tibial tuberosity, soft tissue swelling and ROM not affected
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Osgood- Schlatter Disease
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a wedge shaped necrotic area of bone and cartilage adjacent to an articular surface, may break off and displace in joint
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Osteochondritis Dissecans
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caused from stress, injury or localized ischemia, joint pain, local swelling or locking, stiffness, bony tenderness over lesion
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Osteochondritis Dissecans
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Bowleg
normal until 2 |
Varus
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knock-knee
normal until 8 |
Valgaris
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toeing in
laxity of knee ligaments should resolve spontaneously |
Tibial Torsion
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most common cause of limping and pain in children, more common in boys, usually follows URI
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Transient Synovitis
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limitation of internal rotation of the hip, pain with ambulation and aspiration of the hip-joint yields a yellowish fluid
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Transient Synovitis
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