Movements At Joints

Front 1

lowering head - head flexion

Back 1

prime mover: sternocleidomastoid

antagonist: splenius capitis

Front 2

raising head - head extension

Back 2

prime mover: splenius capitis

antagonist: sternocleidomastoid

Front 3

throwing a baseball (elbow extension)

Back 3

prime mover: triceps brachii + anconeus

antagonist: biceps brachii + brachialis + brachioradialis

Front 4

kicking a football (knee extension)

Back 4

prime mover: quadriceps
(rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

antagonist: hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semtendinosis)

Front 5

hip flexion

Back 5

prime mover: iliopsoas

anatgonist: gluteus maximus

Front 6

thigh abduction

Back 6

prime mover: gluteus medius

antagonist: adductor magnus, longus, and brevis

Front 7

trunk flexion (bending over)

Back 7

prime mover: rectus abdominis

antagonist: erector spinae

Front 8

palm flexion (wrist extension down)

Back 8

prime mover: flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris

antagonist: extensor carpi radialis
extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 9

arm abduction (raising your arm laterally)

Back 9

prime mover: deltoid

antagonist: pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi

Front 10

tennis elbow

Back 10

inflammation of the origin of extensors (carpi radialis and carpi brevis)

Front 11

pitcher's arm

Back 11

inflammation of the medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 12

what are the muscles of respiration?

Back 12

diaphragm

external intercostals

internal intercostals

Front 13

microglia

Back 13

phagocytosis

Front 14

Schwann cells

Back 14

peripheral nervous system

form myelin cushioning around nerve fibers

aid in regeneration of damaged nerve fibers

Front 15

oligodendrites

Back 15

form myelin in brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Front 16

ependymal cells

Back 16

line cavities of brain and spinal cord

secrete CSF

ciliated

Front 17

satellite cells

Back 17

located in the ganglia

glue somata together in a ganglion

Front 18

astrocytes

Back 18

star-shaped neuroglia

nutritive function

participation in the formation of the blood brain barrier

Front 19

amino acids

Back 19

glycine and GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) are inhibitory NTs and cause hyperpolarizations

glutamate is excitatory

Front 20

biogenic amines

Back 20

derived from tyrosine and tryptophan

include:
-dopamine (mood)
-serotonin (sleep, memory, and learning)
-norepinephrine (fight/flight reflex; sympathetic)