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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Wycliffe |
- vocal critic of the Church;
questioned the wealth of the Church and the authority of the pope, among other things - First, he objected to the wealth of many clergy members, arguing that the Church, led by the pope, should give up worldly possessions - Next, Wycliffe believed that the Bible, not the pope, was the highest source of religious authority; people should be able to read the Bible for themselves - Lastly, he attacked the Church's teaching of transubstantiation |
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Jan Hus
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- vocal critic of the Church
- questioned the wealth of the Church and the authority of the pope, among other things -criticized the practice of simony - attacked the sale of indulgences as a sinful practice |
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Desiderius Erasmus
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- humanist that campaigned for reform
- Dutch Roman catholic priest - he criticized the papacy and singled out corruption in the Church |
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Martin Luther
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- believed more and more firmly that the time for reform in the Church was long overdue
- October 31, 1517, in the German university town of Wittenberg, Luther made his criticisms public by posting a list of 95 Theses on a church door - four years later, the pope in Rome condemned Luther as a heretic and excommunicated him from the Church - his greatest achievements was his translation of the New Testament into German, published in 1534 |
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John Calvin
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- he believed in the supreme authority of the Bible
- Three years later, in 1536, he published his most important work, Institutes of the Christian Religion, in which he explained his religious beliefs - believed in the idea of predestination - believed that there should be no separation between politics and religion and that Christians should build an ideal state |
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Huldrych Zwingli
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- attacked corruption in the Catholic Church
- developed a new liturgy to replace the Catholic mass |
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John Knox
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- founder of the Presbyterian Church in Scotland
- responsible for the elimination of the Catholic Church in Scotland |
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John of Leyden
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- an extreme Anabaptist from the Netherlands
- abolished private property and legalized polygamy, or the marriage of a man to multiple wives |
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Henry VIII
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- king of England from 1509 to 1547
- most commonly known for his six wives - King Henry VIII wanted his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to produce a male heir. When she failed to bear a son, Henry asked the pope for an annulment Henry then declared himself to be the head of the Church in England - However, members of the Church of England, called Anglicans, continued to use forms of worship that greatly resembled Roman Catholic practices -Wrote the act of supremacy 1534 |
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Elizabeth I
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- accepted her role as head of the Church of England
- passed various laws that made membership and attendance mandatory, while keeping many elements of Catholic ritual intact. |
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Anglicans |
Protestants since they did not acknowledge the supreme authority of the pope in Rome.
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Positive effects of the Colombian Exchange |
People were able to get plants and animals, with the natives weak theEuropeans were able to colonize the Americas |
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Negative effects of the Colombian Exchange |
Disease spread faster across theAtlantic which were: typhus,measles, bubonic plague, malaria, and worst of all, smallpox |
