3. Minerals

Front 1

What is limestone made of

Back 1

Calcite

Front 2

Solid materials that do not pessess an orderly arrangement of atoms are called _

Back 2

glasses

Front 3

Which of the following substances is not considered a mineral?

1) Coal

2) Diamond

3) Gypsum

4) Rock salt

Back 3

1) Coal

Front 4

Isotopes of a given element have _

Back 4

The same number of protons but different atomic masses

Front 5

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

Back 5

Proton

Front 6

Sodium has an atomic number of 11. HOw many electrons will the sodium ion Na+ have?

Back 6

10

Front 7

Isotopes of an element have different numbers of _

Back 7

Neutrons

Front 8

What is the term for atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons?

Back 8

Isotopes

Front 9

Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic weight of 12.011. This means that carbon atoms have _

Back 9

6 protons and varying numbers of neutrons

Front 10

The atomic mass of an element is equal to the number of _

Back 10

Protons plus neutrons

Front 11

What will be the charge of an atom containing 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 10 electrons

Back 11

-2

Front 12

How are the elements organized in the periodic table?

Back 12

In order of increasing number of protons

Front 13

What does the symbol Na+ represent?

Back 13

A sodium cation

Front 14

In order to make a sodium (Na) chlorine (CL) bon in NaCl, _

Back 14

One electron is transferred from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom

Front 15

Which of the following elements tends to share electrons?

1) carbon

2) helium

3) oxygen

4) sodium

Back 15

1) Carbon

Front 16

What is the dominant type of bonding in minerals?

Back 16

Ionic bonding

Front 17

Diamond is an example of what type of bonding?

Back 17

Covalent

Front 18

The growth of a solid from a gas or liquid whose atoms can come together in the proper chemical proportions and crystalline arrangement is called _

Back 18

Crystallization

Front 19

What elements could be represented by the open and solid spheres in the mineral structure depicted?

Back 19

Sodium and chlorine

Front 20

What is true about the relationship in size between Cations and Anions?

Back 20

Cations are generally smaller than anions

Front 21

The chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 describes which mineral?

Back 21

Olivine

Front 22

Iron and magnesium ions are similar in size and both have a +2 positive charge. Therefore, we would expect iron and magnesium to _

Back 22

substitute for each other in minerals

Front 23

Large crystals with well-formed crystal faces tend to form when _

Back 23

Minerals have space to grow

Front 24

Chemical substances that have exactly the same chemical formula but different crystal strucures are calles _

Back 24

Polymorphs

Front 25

Which of the following statements about graphite and diamond is false?
1) Graphite and diamond have the same density
2) Graphite and diamond have different mineral structures
3) Graphite and diamond are both made of carbon atoms
4) Graphite is stable in the Earth's crust, whereas diamond is stable in the Earth's mantle

Back 25

1) Graphite and diamond have the same density

Front 26

What silicate mineral contains tetrahedra linked togehter as depicted?

Back 26

Mica

Front 27

Which best depicts a silicate ion?

Back 27

Diagram C

Front 28

The most common rock-forming minerals in the crust are _

Back 28

Silicates

Front 29

The two most common elements in the Earth's crust are _

Back 29

Oxygen and silicon

Front 30

What mineral is a common clay mineral used for making pottery?

Back 30

Kaolinite

Front 31

Which of the following statements about feldspar is false?

Feldspar is

1) harder than calcite

2) softer than corundum

3) the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust

4) a sheet silicate

Back 31

4) Feldspar is a sheet silicate

Front 32

What type of minerals are calcite and dolomite?

Back 32

Carbonates

Front 33

Mica is a common example of a _ silicate

Back 33

Sheet

Front 34

Which of the following atomic structures represents a carbonate ion?

Back 34

Diagram B

Front 35

Which mineral does not contain carbon?

Back 35

Gypsum

Front 36

What type of mineral is gypsum, the primary component of plaster?

Back 36

Sulfate

Front 37

What type of mineral is pyrite, also known as "fool's gold"?

Back 37

Sulfide

Front 38

What form of iron is the chief iron ore?

Back 38

Iron oxide

Front 39

Which metal is commonly mined as an oxide?

Back 39

Iron

Front 40

Which mineral fizzes when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

Back 40

Calcite

Front 41

What is the hardest mineral?

Back 41

Diamond

Front 42

Which of the following minerals has the greatest hardness?

Back 42

Quartz

Front 43

Which of the following minerals is not a form of Al2O3?

Back 43

Diamond

Front 44

The mineral property "cleavage" refers to _

Back 44

The splitting of a mineral along planar surfaces

Front 45

When cleaved, mica breaks through planes of _

Back 45

Interlayer cations

Front 46

Which of the following minerals has the best cleavage?

Back 46

Mica

Front 47

Which mineral has two good cleavage planes oriented at right angles to each other?

Back 47

Pyroxene

Front 48

Which of the following minerals does not exhibit cleavage?

1) Amphibole

2) Calcite

3) Mica

4) Quartz

Back 48

4) Quartz

Front 49

Which of the following statements regarding the density of minerals is false?

1) Density depends on the atomic weight of the ions in a mineral.

2) Density depends on the closeness of the atomic packing

3) Density increases with increasing pressure

4) Density increases with increasing temperature

Back 49

4) Density increases with increasing temperature

Front 50

Minerals with the same chemical forula but different crystal lattice structure are referred to as _

Back 50

Polymorphs

Front 51

_ and _ are examples of polymorphs

Back 51

Diamond, graphite

Front 52

If a mineral is allowed to grow without space impediments, then it will develop _

Back 52

Crystal faces

Front 53

Which of the following statements is false?

1) Minerals are crystalline

2) 90% of minerals are ionic compounds

3) Minerals are also called grains

4) The most common mineral in the Earth's crust is quartz

Back 53

4) The most common mineral in the Earth's crus is quartz

Front 54

Which of the following minerals is a framework silicate?

1) Quartz

2) Orthoclase feldspar

3) Plagioclase feldspar

4) They are all framework silicates

Back 54

4) They are all framework silicates

Front 55

The silica tetrahedra readily bonds with cations when available because _

Back 55

It has a net negative charge

Front 56

How many cleavage planes do sheet silicates tend to have?

Back 56

one

Front 57

How the surface of a mineral reflects light is referred to as _

Back 57

luster

Front 58

Which is the least reliable physical property?

Back 58

Color

Front 59

The shape in which individual minerals or an aggregate of minerals grow is called _

Back 59

habit

Front 60

Hardness is referred to as a mineral's _

Back 60

resistence to scratching

Front 61

Which minerals are commonly found in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks?

Back 61

Feldspar and quart

Front 62

The identity of a rock is dependent on its mineralogy and _

Back 62

texture

Front 63

Rocks that form from the solidification of molten rock are called _

Back 63

igneous

Front 64

The concept that identifies that the three basic groups of rocks are all related is called _

Back 64

the rock cycle

Front 65

Minerals that contain metallic elements that can be recovered profitably are called _

Back 65

Ore Minerals

Front 66

A common metal sulfide mineraal is _

1) Galena

2) Pyrite

3) Cinnabar

4) They are all metal sulfide minerals

Back 66

4) They are all metal sulfide minerals

Front 67

Ore depostits are associated with _

1) Igneous rocks

2) Sedimentary rocks

3) Metamorphic rocks

4) All of the above

Back 67

4) all of the above

Front 68

Ore deposits that are formed when minerals are concentrated by the mechanical sorting action of river currents are called _ deposits.

Back 68

Placer

Front 69

The sulfate mineral found on the surface of Mars that supports the presence of liquid water is called _

Back 69

Jarosite

Front 70

Sulfide minerals react with groundwater to produce _

Back 70

Sulfuric acid

Sulfate Ions (SO42-)

Iron ions (Fe3+)

Front 71

What is not a mineral in the strictest geologic sense?

Back 71

Gall stone

Front 72

Which mineral is commonly referred to as "fool's gold"?

Back 72

Pyrite

Front 73

If hardness is a measure of the strength of chemical bonds, then which of the following minerals has the weakest bonds?

1) talc

2) mica

3) diamond

4) graphite

Back 73

1) Talc

Front 74

Calcite (CaCO3) fizzes when it comes in contract with hydrochloric acit (HCl). What are the products of this reaction?

Back 74

CaO and CO2

Front 75

_ is the most common mineral or mineral group in the Earth's crust.

Back 75

Feldspar

Front 76

_ is the most common mineral or mineral group in the Earth as a whole

Back 76

Perovskite

Front 77

As we go deeper in the Earth and the pressure grows we encounter minerals with _

Back 77

More compact crystal structures

Front 78

Which mineral or mineral group occurs exclusively in sedimentary rocks?

Back 78

Clay minerals

Front 79

Which mineral or mineral group occurs exclusively in a metamorphic rocks?

Back 79

Kyanite

Front 80

Which mineral or mineral group occurs exclusively in igneous rocks?

Back 80

Olivine

Front 81

The rock cycle describes how the three basic rock groups _

Back 81

form, break down, and relate to one another