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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does an aristocracy differ from an oligarchy? |
aristocracy- govt. ruled by a small group of noble, land owning families
oligarchy- a govt. ruled by a few powerful people |
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What steps did Cleisthenes take to strengthen democracy in Athens? |
1. reorganized assembly to balance power between the rich and the poor 2. allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage 3. council members chosen at random from among citizens (allowed citizens to participate in limited democracy) |
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What are the 4 basic principles of Roman law? |
- all citizens had the right to equal treatment under the law - innocent until proven guilty - burden of proof rested with accuser rather than the accused - any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside |
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What were 3 eventual consequences of William the Conqueror's victory at Hastings? |
1. the end of feudalism 2. the beginnings of centralized govt. 3. the development of democracy |
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What important legal practice dates back to Henry II? |
jury trial or common law |
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Why did Parliament invite William and Mary to rule England in 1689? |
Mary's father James II ruled as a Catholic. William and Mary would rule as Protestants and they would sign the Bill of Rights. Here the Glorious Revolution began and they became a constitutional monarchy. |
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What were natural rights? |
Said by John Locke, the rights to life, liberty, and property. People had an absolute right to rebel against govt. if these rights were unprotected. |
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What Rousseau's idea of government? |
He created the social contract, govt. came from the consent of the governed. |
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What political rights are set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? |
Right to life, liberty, and security, equal protection under the law, free movement, free association and assembly with other people. |
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What is the significance of England's defeat of the Spanish Armada? |
Seriously weakened Spain, wealth made them look strong. Spain can be defeated, England as strong, sea faring people, strong navy/ fleet, God is on England's side, Elizabeth I becomes a hero |
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Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain? |
Phillip II raised taxes and tried to crush Protestantism. Mobs swept through Catholic churches. Protestants and rebels executed. Declared independence in 1579. |
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Why did absolute monarchs believe that they were justified in exercising absolute power? |
They believed in divine right, that God chose them to rule. |
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What impact did the French religious wars have on French thinkers? |
They had witnessed religious wars with horror, turned toward skepticism, the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain. |
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How did Jean Baptiste Colbert intend to stimulate economic growth in France? |
He used the theory of mercantilism, make the country self- sufficient, manufacture everything, don't rely on foreign imports, recognized importance of colonies. |
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What was the result of the War of the Spanish Succession? |
Treaty of Utrecht, Louis's grandson allowed to remain king of Spain, thrones of Spain and France may not unite. Great Britain took fortress, permission to send slaves, recieved France colonies. |
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Before the 1500s, who and what were the final authorities with regard to most knowledge? |
Ancient Greek or Roman authors or the Bible |
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How did the heliocentric theory of the universe differ from the geocentric theory? |
heliocentric- sun-centered universe geocentric- earth-centered |
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What are the main steps of the scientific method? |
-a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas 1. problem/arising question 2. hypothesis/ unproved assumption 3. experiment tested 4. interpret data to reach a new conclusion |
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What are the natural rights with which people are born, according to John Locke? |
free and equal, life, liberty, and property, govern own affairs, look after the welfare of society |
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Who were the philosophes and what did they advocate? |
social critics of the Enlightenment in France, believed that people could apply reason to all aspect of life, reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty. |
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What was the legacy of the Enlightenment? |
belief in progress, use reason to solve social problems, secular and non-religious perspective, importance of an individual |
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What was the most effective part about Copernicus's theory? |
challenged Church teachings and authority, God putting us as the center of the universe |
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Why did England stay constitutional? |
no republic, preserve England as a Protestant kingdom, keep monarch in line |
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During the 1600s, why was art so important to the Catholic Church? |
express beauty, allows uneducated and those who can't read understand God and bring out their talents. |
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What is the significance about written laws? |
allowed citizens easy access to the law, written physical proof that the kind is controlled by the law. |
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How did Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian ideas impact modern political thought? |
monarchy to republic, democracy, republic, 3 branches, logic, science, juries, defeat tyranny, moral freedom, oppose injustice, oppression |
