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20 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Name: toxoplasmosis Organism name: Toxoplasma gondii Reservoir: infected animals, food borne Diagnosis: blood test |
Nickname: toxoplasma Infection type: CNS Treatment & prevention: antibiotics for treatment and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for prevention. Other: can be transmitted through cat feces, pregnant woman should use extreme caution around cats |
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Name: trichomoniasis
Organism name: Trichomonas vaginalis Reservoir: infected humans Diagnosis: lab test of vaginal fluid or urethral fluid |
Nickname: Trich
Infection type: STI Treatment & prevention: prevention would be protection when engaging in sexual relations. Treatment is oral antibiotic called metronidazole. Other: spread mainly by sexual contact |
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Name: amoebic dysentery
Organism name: Entamoeba histolytica Reservoir: infected humans Diagnosis: blood test, colonoscopy, stool test, ultrasound. |
Nickname:amebic dysentery, amoebiasis
Infection type: GI tract Treatment & prevention: Other: transmitted through stool and food borne. |
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Name: American trypanosomiasis
Organism name: Trypanosoma cruzi Reservoir: insects; mainly kissing bugs, infected humans and animals. Diagnosis: blood smear |
Nickname:Chagas
Infection type: blood Treatment & prevention: insect spray, pesticide, insect nets. Treatment is to kill the parasites with benznidazole and nifurtimox. Other:can cause enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission |
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Name: African trypanosomiasis
Organism name:Trypanosoma brucei Reservoir:tsetse fly, infected humans and animals. Diagnosis: blood smear |
Nickname: Sleeping sickness
Infection type: blood Treatment & prevention: prevention-insect spray, pesticide, insect nets. Treatment- Other: lumbar puncture may be needed to distinguish between first and second stage of the disease. |
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Name: Salmonella
Organism name: Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica Reservoir: Animals Diagnosis: lab test- stool or blood |
Nickname: salmonellosis
Treatment- Fluid and electrolyte replacement. Prevention-Wash hands after using the bathroom and changing diapers, and before handling or eating food. Keep food prep areas clean, fully cook food. Infection Type: GI Tract Other: Reptiles, baby Birds and small rodents such as hamsters are particularly likely to carry Salmonella |
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Name: shigellosis
Organism name: Shigella Reservoir: Infected humans Diagnosis: Stool Lab test |
Nickname: Shigella
Treatment/Prevention: Prevention-Wash hands after using the bathroom and changing diapers, and before handling or eating food. Keep food prep areas clean, fully cook food. Infection Type: GI Tract Other: The disease can be transmitted through fecal-oral contact |
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Name: Measles
Organism name: Morbillivirus Reservoir: Infected humans Diagnosis: viral culture from throat, nasal swab, or urine |
Nickname: Morbilli Treatment/Prevention: prevention- MMR Vaccine, avoid contact with infected person. Treatment-Supportive treatment. Infection Type: Respitory Other: Measles is an airborne disease which spreads easily through coughs and sneezes. most identifiable sign is a rash, but also causes cold like symptoms. |
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Name: German Measles
Organism name: Rubivirus Reservoir: infected humans Diagnosis: throat swab culture or a blood test. |
Nickname: Rubella, 3-Day-Measles.
Treatment/Prevention: Avoid contact with infected people. MMR vaccine. Infection Type: Respitory Other: Spread through droplets of fluid from the mouth, nose, or eyes of someone who has the infection. About half of the people who get German measles do not have symptoms. |
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Name: Gas Gangrene
Organism name: Clostridium perfringens Reservoir: Dead necrotic tissue, venom of the of the Bothrops snake. Diagnosis: Tissue and fluid cultures to test for Clostridium bacteria Blood culture to determine the bacteria causing the infection Gram stain of fluid from the infected area |
Nickname: Myonecrosis
Infection Type: Soft tissue Treatment/Prevention: Treatment-Surgery is needed quickly to remove dead, damaged, and infected tissue. Antibiotics are also given Other: Occurs at a surgery site. Gas gangrene usually begins suddenly and quickly gets worse. It is often deadly. |
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Name: Necrotizing Fasciitis
Organism name: group A Streptococcus Reservoir: Infected humans Diagnosis: Blood and tissue cultures |
Nickname: Flesh-eating bacteria, Fournier Gangrene (on genitals)
Treatment/Prevention: Prevention- keep open wounds clean and covered with dry dressing, wash hands often, avoid using whirlpools, hot tubs and swimming pools until infections are healed. Infection Type: Soft Tissue Other: You can get necrotizing fasciitis when bacteria enter a wound, such as from an insect bite a burn, or a cut. |
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Name: Pertussis
Organism name: Bordetella pertussis Reservoir: infected humans Diagnosis: lab on sample from the back of the nose and throat. |
Nickname: whopping cough
Infection type: respitory Treatment & prevention: prevention-vaccine. Treatment-antibiotics Other: spreads through coughs and sneezes of an infected person. |
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Name: Yeast vaginitis
Organism name: Candida Reservoir: human and animals Diagnosis: vaginal culture |
Nickname: yeast infection
Infection type: genital Treatment & prevention:Prevention- avoid sexual contact with infected person. Treatment- anti fungal medications. Other:causes itching, burning, soreness, pain during intercourse and urination, and vaginal discharge. |
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Name: Histoplasmosis
Organism name: Histoplasma capsulatum Reservoir: bird and bat feces, damp soil Diagnosis:Histoplasmosis is common among AIDS patients because of their suppressed immunity |
Nickname: caves disease, Darling's disease
Infection type: respiratory Treatment & prevention: anti fungal medications. Prevention- reduce risk of exposure. Other: Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by breathing in spores of a fungus often found in bird and bat droppings. |
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Name: Syphilis
Organism name:Treponema pallidum Reservoir: infected humans Diagnosis: blood test |
Nickname: the great impostor
Infection type: std Treatment & prevention:prevention- avoid sexual contact with infect person. Treatment- antibiotics Other:The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it is at. |
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Name: Gonorrhea
Organism name:Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Reservoir: infected humans Diagnosis: genial, throat and anal cultures |
Nickname: the clap
Infection type: std Treatment & prevention:treatment-antibiotics. Prevention-avoid sexual contact with infected person. Other:Many women with gonorrhea discharge think they have a yeast infection and self-treat with over-the-counter yeast infectio |
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Name: Aids
Organism name:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir: infected humans Diagnosis:antibody tests, antigen/antibody tests, and nucleic acid (RNA) tests |
Nickname: HIV
Infection type: std Treatment & prevention: avoid sexual contact with infected person. Treatment-(antiretroviral medications. Other:HIV is transmitted primarily via unprotected sex, contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child. |
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Name: West Nile virus
Organism name:Flavivirus Reservoir: animals and humans Diagnosis: blood and CSF tests |
Nickname: WNV
Infection type: neurological Treatment & prevention: prevention- insect repellant, insect nets. Treatment- supportive care. Other:Approximately 80% of West Nile virus infections in humans are subclinical, which cause no symptoms |
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Name: Ebola
Organism name: ebolavirus Reservoir: infected humans, animals mainly bats Diagnosis:antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
Nickname: hemorrhagic fever
Infection type: fever Treatment & prevention: prevention- avoid contact with infected people. Treatment- supportive care. Other:A virus that causes severe bleeding, organ failure, and can lead to death. |
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Name: SARS
Organism name: Coronaviris Reservoir: infected people Diagnosis:ELISA, immunofluorescence or PCR, chest X-ray. |
Nickname: none
Infection type: respiratory Treatment & prevention: antibiotics and anitpyretics. Prevention- avoid infected people Other:handwashing, use of universal precautions, disinfection of surfaces for fomites, and use of a surgical mask are recommended. |
