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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Abstract messages |
Unclear patterns of words that often contain figures of speech that are difficult to interpret. Requires the listener to interpret what the speaker is asking. |
“How did you get here” is an abstract message |
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Active listening |
Concentrating exclusively on what the client says, refraining from other internal mental activities. |
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Active observation |
Means watching the speaker’s nonverbal actions as they communicate. Hildegard Peplau used observation as the first step in the therapeutic interaction. |
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Assertive communication |
Is the ability to express positive and negative ideas and feelings in an open, honest, and direct way. It recognizes the rights of both parties and is useful in various situations,m such as resolving conflict, solving problems and expressing feelings, or thoughts that are difficult for some people to express. |
Assertive communication can help a person deal with a coworker, family or friends. Works best when the speaker is calm |
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Body language |
A nonverbal form of communication Ie; gestures, postures, movements and body positioning. |
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Circumstantiality |
The use of extraneous words and long, tedious descriptions High pitched rapid delivery of a message often indicates anxiety. Long drawn out hesitant responses can indicate that the person is depressed, confused It’s important for the nurse to validate these nonverbal indicators rather than assume they know what the client is thinking. |
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Closed body positions |
Such as crossed legs or arms folded across chest, indicate that the interaction might threaten the listener who is defensive or not accepting. |
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Communication |
Is the process that people use to exchange information. Messages are simultaneously sent and received on two levels Verbally through use of words Nonverbally by behaviors that accompany words |
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Concrete message |
The words are explicit and need no interpretation; the speaker uses nouns instead of pronouns Ie What health symptoms caused you to come to the hospital today? |
Concrete questions are clear, direct, and easy to understand |
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Congruent message |
Is conveyed when content and process agree. Client says they have not been themselves, I need help and the client has a sad facial expression. This process validates the content as being true. |
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Content |
In verbal communication it is the literal words that a person speaks. |
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Context |
Is the environment in which communication occurs and can include time and the physical, social, emotional, and cultural environments. Includes the situation or circumstances that clarify the meaning of content of the message. |
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Covert cues |
Are vague or indirect messages that need interpretation and exploration If a client says, “nothing can help me” the nurse is unsure, but it sounds as if the client might be saying they feel so hopeless and helpless that they plan to commit suicide. Nurse can explore this convert cue to clarify the client’s intent and to protect the client. |
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Directive role |
Asking direct, yes/no questions and using problem-solving to help the client develop new coping mechanisms to deal with present, here-and-now issues. Used when a client is suicidal, experiencing a crisis, or out of touch with reality |
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Distance zones |
Amount of physical space between people during communication in the United States, Canada, and many Eastern European nations, four distance zones are generally observed: intimate zone, personal zone, social zone, and public zone. Hall (1966) described these 4 distance zones |
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Intimate zone |
(0-18 in between people): the amount of space is comfortable for parents with young children, people who mutually desire personal contact, or people whispering. Invasion of this intimate zone by anyone else is threatening and produces anxiety. |
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Personal zone |
(18-36in): This distance is comfortable between family and friends who are talking. |
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Social Zone |
(4-12ft): This distance is acceptable for communication in social, work, and business settings. |
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Public Zone |
(12-25ft) This is an acceptable distance between a speaker and an audience, small groups, and other informal functions. |
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Eye contact |
Looking into the other person’s eyes during communication. Is used to assess the other person and the environment and to indicate whose turn it is to speak; it increases during listening but decreases while speaking. |
Some cultures, prolong eye contact may be interpreted as disrespectful or aggressive |
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Incongruent message |
When the communication content and process disagree. When what the speaker says and their behavior do not agree, the process or observed behavior invalidates what the speaker says (content) |
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Nondirective role |
Using broad openings and open-ended questions to collect information and help the client to identify and discuss the topic of concern. The client does most of the talking. The nurse guides the client through the interaction, facilitating the client’s expression of feelings and identification of issues. |
General lead words….”go on” |
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Nonverbal communication |
Is the behavior that accompanies verbal content such as body language, eye contact, facial expression, tone of voice, speed and hesitations in speech, grunts and groans, and distance from the listeners. Nonverbal communication can indicate the speaker’s thoughts, feelings, needs and values that they act out mostly unconsciously. |
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Overt cues |
Are clear, direct statements of intent, such as “I want to die”. Form of word pattern |
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Physical distancing |
Is staying at least 6 ft. Away from others to avoid catching the virus. Practice of maintaining physical distance of at least 6 ft between individuals in order to decrease the risk of transmission of disease. |
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Process |
Denotes all nonverbal messages that the speaker uses to give meaning and context to the message. The process component of communication requires the listeners to observe the behaviors and sounds that accent the words and to interpret the speaker’s nonverbal behaviors to assess whether they agree or disagree with the verbal content. |
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Proxemics |
The sturdy of distance zones between people during communication People feel more comfortable with smaller distances when communicating with someone they know rather than with strangers. |
4 zones described by Hall(1966) |
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Social distancing |
Staying at home and away from others to decrease the risk of transmission of disease. |
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Spirituality |
Is the client’s belief about life, health, illness, death, and one’s relationship to the universe. It differs from religion, which is an organized system of beliefs about one or more all-powerful, all-knowing forces that govern the universe and offer guidelines for living in harmony with the universe and others. Spirituality and religion often provide comfort and hope to people and can greatly affect a person’s health and health care practices (andrews 2020) |
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Therapeutic communication |
Is an interpersonal interaction between the nurse and the client during which the nurse focuses on the client’s specific needs to promote an effective exchange of information. All nurses need skills in therapeutic communication to effectively apply the nursing process and to meet standards of care for their clients. Communication is the means by which a therapeutic relationship is initiated, maintained, and terminated. |
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Verbal communication |
Consists of the words a person uses to speak to one or more listeners. |
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Touch |
As intimacy increases, the need for distance decreases. Knapp 1980 identified 5 types of touch. Functional-professional touch used in examinations or procedures Social-polite touch used in greeting such as handshake Friendship-warmth touch involves a hug Love-intimacy touch involves tight hugs, kisses Sexual-arousal touch is used by lovers |
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