Medical Terminology Word List 3 Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

softening of the bones (due to impaired mineralisation, with excess accumulation of osteoid), with pain, tenderness, muscular weakness, anorexia and loss of weight, resulting from deficiency of vitamin D and calcium.

Back 1

osteomalacia

Front 2

The progressive erosion of cartilage, common in the knee joint where it is known as chondromalacia patella.

Symptoms of chondromalacia in the knee joint include knee pain with hill climbing or stair climbing.

Back 2

chondromalacia

Front 3

bending of a bone with incomplete fracture involving the convex side of the curve only.

Back 3

greenstick fracture

Front 4

A fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces.

Back 4

comminuted fracture

Front 5

Fracture in which the skin is perforated and there is an open wound down to the fracture.

Synonym: compound fracture.

Back 5

open or compound fracture

Front 6

closed or simple fracture

Back 6

A fracture in which skin is intact at site of fracture

Front 7

myeloma

Back 7

<oncology, tumour> A malignant tumour composed of plasma cells of the type normally found in the bone marrow.

Front 8

pathology> Inflammation of a voluntary muscle.

Back 8

myositis

Front 9

osteitis

Back 9

<medicine> Inflammation of bone.

Front 10

pathology> Inflammation of bone caused by a pyogenic organism. It may remain localised or may spread through the bone to involve the marrow, cortex, cancellous tissue and periosteum.

Back 10

osteomyelitis

Front 11

<oncology, tumour> Malignant tumour of bone (probably neoplasia of osteocytes).

Back 11

osteosarcoma

Front 12

<neurology> Paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body.

Back 12

paraplegia

Front 13

obstetrics, procedure> A procedure where by a needle in introduced into a joint space for the purpose of removing joint fluid for diagnostic purposes. This procedure can also be therapeutic if an anaesthetic or corticosteroid medication is injected into the joint during the procedure.

(27 Sep 1997)

Back 13

arthrocentesis

Front 14

orthopaedics> The surgical immobilisation of a joint (joint fusion).

Back 14

arthrodesis

Front 15

investigation, radiology> A X-ray procedure involving the injection of radiopaque dye into a joint space to demonstrate the anatomy of the joint by X-ray.

Back 15

arthrogram

Front 16

<orthopaedics> The surgical repair of a joint.

Back 16

arthroplasty

Front 17

<procedure> Surgical removal of a bursa.

Back 17

bursectomy

Front 18

investigation> A test which measures muscle response to nerve stimulation. Used to evaluate muscle weakness and to determine if the weakness is related to the muscles themselves or a problem with the nerves that supply the muscles.

Back 18

electromyography

Front 19

Plastic surgery of muscular tissue.

Back 19

myoplasty

Front 20

claudication

Back 20

Origin: L. Claudicatio = limping or lameness.

Front 21

<oncology, tumour> A benign fibroid tumour of the uterus.

Back 21

myoma

Front 22

gynaecology, tumour> Benign uterine tumours also referred to as uterine fibroids. Uterine fibroids can cause pelvic pain and irregular vaginal bleeding in some females.

Back 22

leiomyoma

Front 23

<orthopaedics, rheumatology> Fusion of bones across a joint. Complication of chronic inflammation.

Back 23

ankylosis

Front 24

arthralgia

Back 24

<symptom> Pain in a joint.

Front 25

ataxia

Back 25

<neurology> Failure of muscular coordination, irregularity of muscular action.

Front 26

dyskinesia

Back 26

<neurology> The impairment of the power of voluntary movement, resulting in fragmentary or incomplete movements.

Front 27

pathology> Any disorder arising from defective or faulty nutrition, especially the muscular dystrophies.

Back 27

dystrophy

Front 28

The enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to an increase in size of its constituent cells.

Back 28

hypertrophy

Front 29

A swelling or deformity at the head of the first metatarsal of the great toe (big toe).

Back 29

bunion

Front 30

<paediatrics> A birth deformity characterised by imperfect bone formation. It results in dwarfs with normal-sized heads but short arms and legs.

Back 30

achondroplasia

Front 31

A posterior curvature of the thoracic spine usually the result of a disease (lung disease, Paget's disease) or a congenital problem.

Back 31

kyphosis

Front 32

Accentuation of the lumbar curvature of the spine.

Back 32

lordosis

Front 33

periosteum

Back 33

<anatomy> The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces.

Front 34

tendon

Back 34

anatomy> A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. The laceration of a tendon can result in the inability to flex or extend at a joint.

Front 35

ligament

Back 35

> A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints.

Front 36

epiphysis

Back 36

A part of a long bone where growth bone growth occurs from.

Front 37

diaphysis

Back 37

The shaft of a long bone.

Front 38

bursa

Back 38

<anatomy> A tissue space (fibrous sac) that is lined with synovial membrane (joint tissue) and contains a small quantity of synovial fluid (joint fluid). Bursas are found in between tendon and bone, skin and bone and muscles. They function to facilitate fluid movement.

Front 39

fascia

Back 39

natomy> The flat layers of fibrous tissue that separate differnet layers of tissue.

Front 40

illium

Back 40

anatomy> The upper and largest, part of the bony pelvic girdle (iliac wing). The ilium articulates on its inner aspect with the sacrum (sacroiliac joint).