Mcat 2 - Biological Sciences

Front 1

stereospecific addition of reagent results in ____

Back 1

1 enantiomer (not both!) so optically active

Front 2

geometric isomers have dif _____ props b/c ______

Back 2

physical, dif dipole moments and symmetry

Front 3

anomers are special type of _______ that result after ______

Back 3

epimers, result after cyclization (at C1)

Front 4

enantiomers have same/dif phys and chem props

Back 4

IDENTICAL except dif rotation of plane polarized light

Front 5

at normal T ________ isomers cannot be separated

Back 5

conformational, differ in arrangement about single bond

Front 6

vinylic cation

Back 6

pos charge on a C participating in double bond

Front 7

carbocations formed when HBr adds to _____

Back 7

alkenes, NOT alkynes!

Front 8

Bromine adds to alkene in _______ fashion

Back 8

anti (bromonium intermediate)

Front 9

Markovnikov rule deals with _______ while Zaitsev/Hoffman deals with ____

Back 9

addition across bonds, more + less sub double bond (less sub occurs w/ bulky base)

Front 10

radical addition of hydrogen halide goes through

Back 10

anti-mark b/c add X 1st and give stable radical that'll then pick up H

Front 11

A-T pair with ___ H+ bonds, C-G pair with ____ H+ bonds

Back 11

2, 3 (ATiTUde) AT =2

Front 12

The primary location of gas exchange between maternal and fetal blood is the:

Back 12

chronic villi within placenta

Front 13

amniotic fluid

Back 13

cushins fetus - no exchange of gas/nutrients

Front 14

of bacteria and viruses, which always has RNA as genetic info?

Back 14

bacteria! Viruses usually DNA but can be RNA

Front 15

antibiotics often exploit structural dif in _____ b/w pro and eukaryotes

Back 15

ribosomes

Front 16

introns = , extrons =

Back 16

introns = junk, extrons = Expressed

Front 17

how do retroviruses work?

Back 17

capture host RNA and --> v-DNA so basically exons of gene coding for host protein

Front 18

promoters involved in ______

Back 18

DNA --> RNA Transcription

Front 19

heart is given oxygen by

Back 19

coronary arteries off of aorta

Front 20

ectoderm; endoderm; mesoderm

Back 20

skin, pituitary + ad med, lens of eye nervous sys, lining mouth/throat; lining of dig + resp tracts, liver, thyroid, pancreas, bladder (dig things);circ, blood, bones, gonads, muscles, kidneys

Front 21

ADH

Back 21

produced by ant. Pit to increase water reabsorb in kidneys in response to high blood osmolarity or low blood vol

Front 22

FSH levels in pregnant woman (cycle?)

Back 22

initially high - induces follicular growth + ov, corpus luteum in 16 wks + placenta later produce progesterone which inhibs FSH and menstrual cycle

Front 23

3 types of bacteria

Back 23

rod (bacilli) - E.coli, spherical (cocci)(c for circle), spiral/helical (spirilla)

Front 24

Pancreatic Exocrine components

Back 24

amalyase, lipase, trypsinogen (--> trypsin by enterokinase, secreted + takes place in small intest), chymotripsinogen

Front 25

why is pancreas so critical for fat digestion?

Back 25

lipase + bile are the ONLY things that break down fats!

Front 26

increase in FSH during _____ increase in LH during_____

Back 26

follicular phase, luteal phase