Mastering Biology 3 Test Bank (62)

Front 1

Fluidity and melting point of fatty acids are determined in part by the number of

________ bonds.

Back 1

unsaturated or carbon double

Front 2

Many monosaccharides like fructose, mannose, and galactose have the same chemical formula as glucose (C6H12O6), but the atoms are combined differently to yield different
structural arrangements. These varying forms of the same chemical formula are called

________.

Back 2

isomers

Front 3

The highly branched polysaccharide that stores glucose in the muscle and the liver of

animals is ________.

Back 3

glycogen

Front 4

In proteins, amino acids are linked together by ________ bonds.

Back 4

peptide

Front 5

The only amino acid that has no stereoisomer is ________

Back 5

glycine

Front 6

The amino acid that most limits rotation around the a carbon is ________.

Back 6

proline

Front 7

The bonds between the units in a carbohydrate polymer are called ________ bonds.

Back 7

glycosidic

Front 8

The linear arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain is referred to as the

________ structure of the protein.

Back 8

primary

Front 9

Starch is a polymer of glucose subunits. The subunits of any polymer are called

________.

Back 9

monomers

Front 10

Fatty acids with more than one carbon-carbon double bond are called ________.

Back 10

polyunsaturated

Front 11

Carbohydrates made up of two simple sugars are called ________.

Back 11

disaccirarides

Front 12

The covalent bond forces between the sulfur atoms of two cysteine side chains is called a

________.

Back 12

disulfide bridge

Front 13

Disulfide bonds can form between ________

residues in proteins.

Back 13

cysteine

Front 14

The major classes of biologically significant large molecules include which of the

following? A) Proteins B) Nucleic acids C) Carbohydrates D) Lipids E) All of the above

Back 14

All of the above

Front 15

Lipids are A) insoluble in water. B) readily soluble in organic solvents. C) characterized by their solubility. D) important constituents of biological membranes. E) All of the above

Back 15

All of the above

Front 16

Which of the following is characteristic of proteins? A) Some function as enzymes. B) They provide structural units in the form of keratin. C) They possess glycosidic linkages between amino acids. D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Back 16

a and b

Front 17

Polymerization reactions in which proteins are synthesized from amino acids

Back 17

result in the formation of water.

Front 18

In condensation reactions, the atoms that make up a water molecule are derived from

Back 18

both of the reactants.

Front 19

The bonds that form between the units of polymeric macromolecules are

Back 19

covalent.

Front 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of lipids?

Back 20

They are readily soluble in water.

Front 21

You have isolated an unidentified liquid from a sample of beans. You add the liquid to a beaker of water and shake vigorously. After a few minutes, the water and the other liquid separate into two layers. To which class of large biological molecules does the unknown

liquid most likely belong?

Back 21

Lipids

Front 22

Lipids form the barriers surrounding various compartments within an organism. Which

property of lipids makes them a good barrier?

Back 22

Many biologically important molecules are not soluble in lipids.

Front 23

You look at the label on a container of shortening and see "hydrogenated vegetable oil." This means that during processing the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in the oil was decreased. What is the result of decreasing the number of double bonds?

Back 23

The oil is now a solid at room temperature.

Front 24

The portion of a phospholipid that contains the phosphorous group has one or more

electric charges. That makes this region of the molecule

Back 24

hydrophilic

Front 25

Cholesterol is soluble in ether, an organic solvent, but is not soluble in water. Based on this information, what class of biological macromolecules does cholesterol belong to?

Back 25

Lipids

Front 26

Which of the following is not a function in which lipids play an important role?

Back 26

Storing genetic information

Front 27

The monomers that make up polymeric carbohydrates like starch are called

Back 27

monosaccharides

Front 28

The atoms that make up carbohydrates are

Back 28

C, H, and O.

Front 29

Glucose and fructose both have the formula C6H12O6, but the atoms in these two

compounds are arranged differently. Glucose and fructose are known as

Back 29

isomers

Front 30

A nucleotide contains a pentose, a phosphate, and a(n)

Back 30

nitrogen-containing base

Front 31

A simple sugar with the formula C5H10O5 can be classified as a

Back 31

pentose

Front 32

Lactose, or milk sugar, is composed of one glucose unit and one galactose unit. It can be

classified as a

Back 32

disaccharide

Front 33

Two important polysaccharides made up of glucose monomers are

Back 33

cellulose and starch

Front 34

Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. Its main function is

Back 34

to provide mechanical strength to plant cell walls.

Front 35

In animals, glucose is stored in the compound

Back 35

glycogen

Front 36

Which of the following monomer/polymer pairs is not correct?

A) Monosaccharide/polysaccharide

B) Amino acid/protein

C) Triglyceride/lipid

D) Nucleotide/DNA

E) Nucleotide/RNA

Back 36

Triglyceride/lipid

Front 37

Amino acids can be classified by the

Back 37

characteristics of their side chains

Front 38

During the formation of a peptide linkage, which of the following occurs?

Back 38

A molecule of water is formed.

Front 39

What is the theoretical number of different proteins that you could make from 50 amino

acids?

Back 39

2050

Front 40

The "backbone" of nucleic acid molecules is made of

Back 40

alternating sugars and phosphate groups.

Front 41

According to the base-pairing rules for nucleic acids, purines always pair with

Back 41

pyrimidines

Front 42

Sucrose is

Back 42

a disaccharide

Front 43

DNA and RNA contain

Back 43

pentose

Front 44

The 20 different common amino acids have different

Back 44

R-Groups

Front 45

The primary structure of a protein is determined by its

Back 45

sequence of amino acids

Front 46

When a protein becomes nonfunctional as a result of a change in its environment, it is

Back 46

denatured

Front 47

A B pleated organization in a polypeptide chain is an example of

Back 47

secondary structure

Front 48

DNA carries genetic information in its

Back 48

sequence of bases

Front 49

A molecule often spoken of as having a head and tail is a(n)

Back 49

phospholipid

Front 50

A molecule that has an important role in limiting what gets into and out of cells is

Back 50

phospholipid

Front 51

Waxes are formed by

Back 51

combining fatty acids with alcohol

Front 52

A molecule that has an important role in long-term storage of energy is a(n)

Back 52

glycogen

Front 53

A peptide linkage (peptide bond) holds together two

Back 53

amino acid molecules

Front 54

In DNA molecules

Back 54

purines pair with pyrimidines

Front 55

Starch and glycogen are different in that only one of them

Back 55

is made in plants

Front 56

Enzymes are

Back 56

protein

Front 57

The type of bond that holds two amino acids together in a polypeptide chain is a(n)

Back 57

peptide linkage

Front 58

Peptides have __________ and __________ end.

Back 58

an N terminus; a C terminus

Front 59

The __________ structure of a protein relates to how separate polypeptides assemble

together.

Back 59

quaternary

Front 60

Quaternary structure is found in proteins

Back 60

composed of subunits

Front 61

In DNA, A hydrogen bonds with T and G with C; these are examples of a specific type of

reaction called

Back 61

complementary base pairing

Front 62

In a biological membrane, the phospholipids are arranged with the fatty acid chains facing the interior of the membrane. As a result, the interior of the membrane is

Back 62

hydrophobic