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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is kinetic energy?
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Energy in action
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What is potential energy?
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Stored (inactive) energy
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What are the 4 forms of energy?
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1. Chemical (chem bonds)
2. Electrical (charged particals) 3. Mechanical (moving matter) 4. Radiant/Eletromagnetic (wavelike, xrays, UV) |
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What is the unique building block for each element?
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An atom!
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What are the 4 major elements in the body?
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1. Oxygen
2. Carbon 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen |
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Two or more atoms bonded together is what?
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molecule
1. H |
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Two or more DIFFERENT kinds of atoms bonded together is?
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A compound.
1. CHO |
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Most matter exists as this, which is two or more components physically intermixed.
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Mixture
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What are 3 types of mixtures?
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1. Solutions
2. Colloids 3. Suspensions |
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What has a solvent and solute and is a homogenous mixture?
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Solutions.
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What is the term when large particles do NOT settle out and include heterogenous translucent mixtures such as cytosol?
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Colloids(emulsions)
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What is the term when large visible solutes DO settle out, and include heterogenous mixtures such as blood?
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Suspensions
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What is it when no chemical bonding occurs between components, where it can be hetero or homogenous, and can be separated physically (straining/filtering)?
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Mixtures
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What can be separated only by breaking bonds and are only homogenous
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Compounds
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Are Helium (2p, 2e) and Neon (10p, 10e) stable or unstable?
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Stable/inert (outermost shells full)
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Hydrogen (1p, 1e), Carbon (6p, 6e), Oxygen (8p, 8e), Sodium (11p, 11e) are stable or unstable?
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Unstable/reactive. They need 'dem electrons. (2, 10, and anything +8 thereafter are stable. all else reactive/unstable)
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What are the 3 types of chemical bonds?
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1.Ionic (transfer electron over - NaCl)
2.Covalent (shares - CO2, H2O, NH3, ) 3.Hydrogen (positive/negative attraction - H2O) |
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What reaction always involves bond formation and is anabolic?
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Synthesis Reactions
1. A+B--> AB (ie. amino acids are joined together to form a protein molecule) |
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A reverse synthesis reaction that involve breaking of bonds and are catabolic.
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Decomposition Reaction
1. AB --> A + B (ie. glycogen is broken down to release glucose units) |
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This reaction involves bonds that are both broken and made.
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Exchange Reactions (displacement)
1. AB + C --> AC + B (ie.ATP xfers phosphate to glucose, forms AT(diphos), glucose-phosphate) |
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What are the two types of Chemical reactions?
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1) exergenic (catabolic -release energy)
2) endergenic (anabolic - end product contains more energy) |
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What compound contains waters, salts, and many acids and bases - but do NOT contain carbon.
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Organic compounds
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This compounds INCLUDES carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acid. It does include carbon, usually covalently bonded.
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Inorganic compounds
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What are the properties of water?
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1. High heat capacity.
2. High heat of vaporization 3. Body's major transport medium. 4. Dissolves/disassociates ionic substances 5. Forms hydration layer(colloid formation) 6. Cushioning (protection). 7. Reactivity (part of hydrolysis and dehydration) |
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What are the properties of salt?
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1. Ionic compound disassociates in water.
2. Contains CATIONS other that H+ 3. Play specialized role. |
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What are proton acceptors? (take up H+ from solution)
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Bases (ie. ammonia)
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What is an acid-base concentration?
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pH (negative logarithym of H+ in moles per liter)
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If H+ goes down, and pH goes up, what is it most likely?
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more alkaline/base
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What is a buffer?
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A mixture of compounds that resist pH changes. They convert strong acids or bases into weak ones.
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What contain sugar and starches, C+H+ and O, and have three classes?
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Carbohydrates. (major source of fuel)
1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides |
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What is a simple sugar containing 3 to 7 C atoms?
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Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)
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Double sugars, too large to pass through cell membranes are what?
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Disaccharides (glucose+fructose=sucrose)
di=two, thus disaccharides |
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What is the name of the sugars that are not very soluble and made up of simple sugars.
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Polysaccharides
Long branching chain of sugars |
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What are Lipids?
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INSOLUBLE in water, contain C+H+ and O,
Main types: 1. neutral fats 2. phospholipids 3. steroids 4. eicosanoids |
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What are Triglycerides?
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3 main functions: energy storage, insulation, protection. neutral fats.
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What are Phospholipids?
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Modified triglycerides.
Glycerol+fatty acids NOTE: head and tail have different polarities. |
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What are Proteins?
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Polymers of amino acids.Contain:
C+H+O+N, and sometimes S&P (why not just say "and sometimes Y?") |
