Lipid Chemistry

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1) Describe gen structure/fxn lipids

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-organic, poorly soluble in water, readily dissolves in organic solvents (ether, benzene),
-mem lipids are ampipathic (nonpolar/polar ends)

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3) List major biological fxns of lipids

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body: metaboilic fuels, storage transport energy, structural component cell mem, dietary constituent

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a. Simple lipids: esters of FA w/ various alchools

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i. Fats- FA w/ glycerol
ii. Waxes- esters i\of FA; higher molecular weight

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b. Complex lipids: esters of FA in addition to alcohol and FA

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i. Phosphlipids: phoshporic acid residue
1. Glycerolipids-
2. Sphino\gophospholipid
3. Glycolipid- FA _+carbohydrate + sphingosine
4. Other complex lipid: vitamins and hormones also lipoproteins

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sphingolipid

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sphingoid base backbone that is synthesizedde novo from the amino acid serine and a long-chain fatty acyl CoA, then converted into ceramides, phosphosphingolipids, glycosphingolipids and other compounds

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glycerolipid

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mono-, di- and tri-substituted glycerols, three hydroxyl groups of glycerol are each esterified, usually by different fatty acids

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fatty acid

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acetyl-CoA primer with malonyl-CoA or methylmalonyl-CoA groups, hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxylic acid group

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classify FA accordning to # C

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i. Short: 2-4, med: 6-10, long: 12-26
ii. Even numbered, linear, come in pairs

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classify # double bonds

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i. Short: 2-4, med: 6-10, long: 12-26
ii. Even numbered, linear, come in pairs

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isomer configuration

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i. Cis: *most common, causes bend- impt for formation membrane, more pronounced more double bonds
ii. Trans: partially hydrogenated oils
iii. Acyl chain same side of double bond = CIS, opposite trans
iv. Cis = low melting point,

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e. Position of the double bond relative to w-end of molecule
i. `

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Methly end, ch3, w 6 = double bond on sixth c counting from w terminal

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pancreatic lipase

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Methly end, ch3, w 6 = double bond on sixth c counting from w terminal

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lipoprotein lipase

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1. Hydrolizes lipids in lipoproteins, in chylomicrons and LVDL, into 3 FFA and one glycerol, requires Apo-C11 as cofactor
2. Found in endothelial cells lining capillaries, heart, muscle, adipose

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hepatic lipase

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1. form of lipase. It is expressed in the liver and adrenal glands.[1]One of the principal functions of hepatic lipase is to convert IDL to LDL.

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hormone sensitive lipase

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2. hydrolzye first FA from triacylglycerol molecule , freeing FA and diglyceride, actiavtead when needed energy stores in body
3. long form in testis- cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol, short form in adipose tissue, hydrolzyes triglycerdies to FFA

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a. Packaging of newly synthesized TAGs into chyolomicron (phase 4)

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a. Packaging of newly synthesized TAGs into chyolomicron (phase 4)

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b. Name four major classes of lipids present in lipoproteins

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TAGS: 16%
ii. Phospholipids: 30%
iii. Cholesterol 14%
iv. Cholesteryl esters: 36%

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chylomicrons

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i. Chylomicrons: chyle, rich in triglyceride, common in blood, digestion, transport all dietary lipids
ii

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VLDL

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. VLDL: transport of traicycglycerol from liver to extrahepatic tissues

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LDL

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iii. LDL: delivers cholesterol to tissues, final stage, most dangerous
iv

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HDL

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. HDL: removes cholesterol from tissue and retrun to liver for excretion