Art - South Seas - Australia And Melanesia/oceania, Lesson 8

Front 1

Melas

Back 1

Black

Front 2

Melanesia

Back 2

Black islands

Front 3

Micronesia

Back 3

Small islands

Front 4

Polynesia

Back 4

Many islands

Front 5

Plus

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Australia

Front 6

Islands were settles in waves of migration beginning circa

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120,000 to 50,000 BC

Front 7

Most recent settling was

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Austronesians, circa 3000 BC from East Asia

Front 8

First wave

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Settled Melanesia 1500 to 700 BC

Front 9

Second wave

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Settled Polynesia 500 BC to 600 AD

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First wave settled Melanesia

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Developed agriculture, deep sea fishing

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Second wave settled Polynesia

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Great seafarers

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Oldest continuous culture on earth, 40 to 150,000 years old

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Australia nomadic people

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Had a very high level of mythology

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Aborigines

Front 14

The past, time of creation, primordial past

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Dream time

Front 15

Made as part of a ritual of recreating myths

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Bark paintings

Front 16

Scenes from dream time, which is entered as painting is created

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Bark paintings

Front 17

Bark painting (Djanggawul Sisters)

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Yirrkala, Australia, 20th century

Front 18

Complex patterns, no empty space, horror vacui, intensely detailed

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Bark painting

Front 19

A mythic creature, the ancestor

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Djanggawul

Front 20

Bark painting (Hunter and Kangaroo)

Back 20

Oenpelli, Australia, 20th century

Front 21

Backbone and interior organs are seen as through x-ray

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Bark painting (Hunter and Kangaroo)

Front 22

Representation of the essence of a thing

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Bark painting (Hunter and Kangaroo)

Front 23

First inhabitants arrives circa 10,000 BC, probably came over land bridges

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Melanesia

Front 24

Geographic center of Melanesian culture

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New Guinea

Front 25

Large island with hundreds of distinct cultural groups

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Melanesia

Front 26

Surrounding large island groups are included in classification

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Melanesia

Front 27

Less stratified and more egalitarian than Polynesian societies

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Melanesian societies

Front 28

Artistic styles are extremely varied

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Melanesia

Front 29

Carves sculpture is the most common object

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Melanesia

Front 30

Malanggan display, New Ireland

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Melanesia, 19th century

Front 31

Collective name for ceremonies, masks, and carvings

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Malanggan

Front 32

Held primarily in memory of dead

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Malanggan display

Front 33

Also a commemorative display, and initiation

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Malanggan display

Front 34

Houses were set up especially for the carvings to be displayed

Back 34

Malanggan display

Front 35

Tamberan house, Abelam, New Guinea

Back 35

Melanesia, 20 century

Front 36

Twenty year long initiation cycle for men

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Tamberan cult

Front 37

Tamberan house

Back 37

Includes building A-framed structures, also called tamberan

Front 38

Tamberan house

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Triangular facade is elaborately decorated with paintings

Front 39

Paintings on Tamberan house

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Heads of spirits called ngwalendu

Front 40

Ancestral poles (mbis); Asmat, New Guinea

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Melanesia, 20th century

Front 41

Agressive, unfriendly headhunters

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Asmat

Front 42

A display for recently deceased ancestors

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Mbis poles

Front 43

A covenant of the living to avenge the death

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Ancestral poles

Front 44

When spirit is appeased the pole is taken back to forest to rot

Back 44

Ancestral poles

Front 45

Who proposed the division of the Pacific into major regions?

Back 45

Jules Dumont d'Urville

Front 46

The Pacific Islands were discovered by the Europeans in which century?

Back 46

16th century

Front 47

Which of the following dominates Melanesia?

Back 47

New Guinea

Front 48

Typical Melanesian societies are

Back 48

Fairly democratic

Front 49

Which of the following describes the Iatmul men's house?

Back 49

Symbolizes protective ancestors

Front 50

Agriculturists living in the hilly regions north of the Sepik River

Back 50

Abelam

Front 51

What does the yam mask of the Abelam represent?

Back 51

Power and prestige

Front 52

Former practitioners of headhunting

Back 52

Asmat

Front 53

Which of the following is symbolic of the headhunter and appears on bisj poles?

Back 53

Hornbill

Front 54

The female praying mantis is a reference to

Back 54

Headhunting

Front 55

Micronesian cultures frequently are ruled by

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Chieftains

Front 56

Micronesian art relates to

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Seafaring

Front 57

The rooster on the men's house, or bai, from Belau, in the Caroline Islands symbolizes the

Back 57

Rising sun

Front 58

Which of the following was the last area to be settled by humans?

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Polynesia

Front 59

Had the most highly stratified social structure in the Pacific

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Hawaii

Front 60

What does the Maori meetinghouse represent?

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Ancestral figures

Front 61

The moai of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) most likely depict

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Ancestral chiefs

Front 62

What describes Australian Aboriginal art?

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Small and portable

Front 63

During the early 19th century, ranking women of Tonga made

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Barkcloth

Front 64

The acquisition of power by Marquesan chiefs was usually the result of

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Warfare

Front 65

Largest island in the world

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Australia

Front 66

The Aborigines conducted their lives on two inter-related planes:

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Mundane plane and symbolic plane

Front 67

Mundane plane

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Everyday life

Front 68

Symbolic plane

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Faith and ritual were important

Front 69

Bark painting primarily done on bark from

Back 69

Eucalyptus

Front 70

People live in the north, in an inland region

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Oenpelli

Front 71

The Oenpelli bark painting style also known as

Back 71

X-ray style

Front 72

In this composition the scale of the animal is much larger than the human

Back 72

Hunter and Kangaroo

Front 73

No horror vacui in this style

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Hunter and Kangaroo

Front 74

Style is schematic and linear, and the representation is conventionalized

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Oenpelli

Front 75

A region on the north coast of Australia.

Back 75

Yirrkala

Front 76

Millingimby people paint in a close style, to Yirrkala region, therefore paintings from this region and in this style are usually abbreviated

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Y-M (Yirrkala-Millingimby)

Front 77

Rectangular format with all of the area filled with painting and design

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Y-M style

Front 78

The central character in many Y-M paintings, is a mythic creature of the northern Aborigines, THE ancestor

Back 78

Djanggawul

Front 79

A very large island with hundreds of distinct cultural groups and languages

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New Guinea

Front 80

Designs are the heads of ancestor spirits called

Back 80

Ngwalendu

Front 81

Name for all tamberan cult-related representations

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Ngwalendu

Front 82

Asmat people live is in southwest New Guinea in the country of

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Irian Jaya

Front 83

Asmat means

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Tree people

Front 84

An important ceremonial and artistic activity of the Asmat

Back 84

Mbis

Front 85

A covenant between the living people and the spirits to avenge the death

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A mbis pole

Front 86

The collective name for a series of funerary ceremonies performed in the northwest of New Ireland

Back 86

Malanggan

Front 87

The name for masks and carved figures made for the celebrations to honor the dead

Back 87

Malanggan

Front 88

The primary possession and focus of life in Solomon Islands

Back 88

The canoe, called tamako

Front 89

The most important use of the canoe is to

Back 89

Hunt bonito, associated with spirits

Front 90

Considered a sign of supernatural favor

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Appearance of bonito

Front 91

At the prow of the tamako canoe is a spirit figure, the symbol of the hunt for bonito called

Back 91

Musumusu

Front 92

Powerful guardian spirit that watches for coral shoals and guides the canoe to bonito

Back 92

Musumusu

Front 93

Black in color with white shell inlay designs providing contrasting elements

Back 93

Musumusu