Lecture Final-Multiple Choice

Front 1

Water makes up what percentage of plasma?

Back 1

90%

Front 2

The blood cell that is responsible for defense against parasites is the?

Back 2

eosinophil

Front 3

The inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body is called ?

Back 3

anemia

Front 4

The common laboratory test used to analyze the volume of RBC's in a blood sample is the?

Back 4

hematocrit

Front 5

A decrease in the amount of the white blood cells is called?

Back 5

Leukopenia

Front 6

Platelets play an important role in?

Back 6

blood clotting

Front 7

If part of a clot dislodges and circulates through the bloodstream, the dislodged part is called?

Back 7

embolus

Front 8

The term blood type refers to the type of ?

Back 8

antigen

Front 9

A disease that develops as a result of a mother's Rh antibodies reacting with the Rh-positive baby is?

Back 9

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Front 10

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

Back 10

7.35 to 7.45

Front 11

Which of the choices below is the parent stem cell for all formed elements of blood?

Back 11

Hemocytoblast

Front 12

Which blood type is called a universal donor?

Back 12

type O negative

Front 13

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

Back 13

Hypoxic conditions

Front 14

A lack of intrinsic factor leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 is a characteristic of?

Back 14

Pernicious Anemia

Front 15

What is a characteristic of all leukocytes?

Back 15

They are all nucleated

Front 16

What is the correct sequence for the following events?

Back 16

1-Production of prothrombin activator and calcium

2-Prothrombin to thrombin

3-fibrinogen to fibrin

4-clot formation

Front 17

Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?

Back 17

there are no antibodies to A, to B or t Rh antigens in the plasma.

Front 18

When can erythroblastosis fetalis NOT possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?

Back 18

If the father is Rh negative

Front 19

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

Back 19

Kidney

Front 20

What percentage total blood volume is comprised of leukocytes?

Back 20

<1%

Front 21

Predict the possible blood type outcomes of a baby whose mother is blood type B and the father is blood type A.

Back 21

AB, A, B, O

Front 22

After centrifuging, of the listed blood components, which contains the components of immune function?

Back 22

buffy coat

Front 23

Antihistamines counter the actions of which white blood cells?

Back 23

basophils

Front 24

An oral heparin medication might be prescribed for a patient who?

Back 24

is at risk for emoblism (clot that spontaneously form and wedge into blood vessels)

Front 25

The approximate number of red blood cells in a cubic milimeter of blood is?

Back 25

4 million to 6 million

Front 26

Rhogam injection contains??

Back 26

Antibodies

Front 27

Polycythemia can be caused by?

Back 27

overproduction of red blood cells

Front 28

Erythropoiesis is best defined as?

Back 28

red cell production

Front 29

which white blood cells produce antibodies?

Back 29

B lymphocytes

Front 30

Which white blood cells directly attack microbes?

Back 30

T lymphocytes

Front 31

In order for thrombin to be formed?

Back 31

Calcium must be present

Front 32

the blood type that has antigen A on the blood cell surface and anti B antibody in the plasma is?

Back 32

Type A

Front 33

The blood type with no antigens on the blood cell surface and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma is?

Back 33

Type O

Front 34

Overproduction of white blood cells is termed?

Back 34

Leukocytosis

Front 35

The BLANK membrane directly covers the heart?

Back 35

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Front 36

Muscle masses exclusively located in the walls of the receiving chambers are?

Back 36

pectinate muscles

Front 37

The term for chest pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart is?

Back 37

Angina pectoris

Front 38

The heart is located?

Back 38

2/3 to the left of the midsternal line

Front 39

The chambers of the heart include?

Back 39

two lower larger ventricles and two smaller upper atria

Front 40

The innermost layer of the heart wall is called the?

Back 40

endocardium

Front 41

The electrical connectors between heart muscle cells are called?

Back 41

intercalated discs

Front 42

The blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are the?

Back 42

veins

Front 43

The first blood vessel of systemic circulation is the?

Back 43

aorta

Front 44

The last blood vessel of the pulmonary circulation is the?

Back 44

pulmonary vein

Front 45

The presence of intercalated discs between adjacent cardiac muscle cells causes the heart to behave as a?

Back 45

Functional syncytium

Front 46

The "lub dub" heart sounds are produced by ?

Back 46

Closing of the atrioventricular valves (lub) and the closing of the semilunar valves (dub)

Front 47

The right side of the heart ?

Back 47

deals with deoxygenated blood

Front 48

which of the following muscles contract to form a tight seal such that regurgitation or leakage of blood back into atria from ventricles does not occur?

Back 48

Papillary muscles

Front 49

Why is high blood pressure damaging to the heart?

Back 49

Ventricles must contract more forcefully to expel the same amount of blood

Front 50

atrial systole occurs_______ the firing of the sinoatrial node?

Back 50

after

Front 51

The tricuspid valve is closed when?

Back 51

When the ventricle is in systole

Front 52

The upper chambers are?

Back 52

Receiving chambers

Front 53

The correct sequence for the conduction system of the heart is?

Back 53

SA node, AV node, bundle of his, bundle branches, and purkinje fibers.

Front 54

Pulse can be felt?

Back 54

only in arteries

Front 55

The layer of the arteries and veins that contains smooth muscle is called?

Back 55

Tunica Media

Front 56

In a normal heart, which of the following structures is responsible for setting the hearts pace?

Back 56

sinoatrial node

Front 57

The term blood pressure generally refers to the force exerted by blood upon the walls of the?

Back 57

arteries

Front 58

A systolic pressure of 120-139 mmHg or diastolic pressure of 80-89 mmHg is considered ?

Back 58

pre-hypertensive

Front 59

what is the average heart rate in a normal individual?

Back 59

72 beats per minute

Front 60

how long does it take for ventricles to fill with blood and expel its contents out of the heart?

Back 60

0.8 seconds

Front 61

The loss of neutralization of opposing electrical charges is termed?

Back 61

depolarization

Front 62

respiratory mucosa refers to___ and the underlying areolar connective tissue?

Back 62

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Front 63

the theoretical value for vital capacity is approximately?

Back 63

5000 mL

Front 64

Which is the medical term for breathing?

Back 64

pulmonary ventilation

Front 65

which of the following comprises the lower respiratory tract?

Back 65

bronchi, trachea, alveoli

Front 66

Total lung capacity is a combination of vital capacity and?

Back 66

residual volume

Front 67

air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ?

Back 67

greater then the pressure in the atmosphere

Front 68

Which is maintains the patency (openess) of the trachea?

Back 68

cartilage rings

Front 69

normal breathing rate is about?

Back 69

12-18 breaths per minute

Front 70

the most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person os?

Back 70

increase of carbon dioxide

Front 71

tidal volume is air that is what?

Back 71

exchanged during normal breathing

Front 72

which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?

Back 72

partial pressure gradient

Front 73

The lung volume that represents the total volume of air that can be breathed out in one expiration is the?

Back 73

vital capacity

Front 74

cerebral cortex is responsible for what controlled respiratory activity?

Back 74

voluntary

Front 75

the amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called?

Back 75

inspiratory reserve

Front 76

which respiratory associated muscled would contract if you were to exhale forcefully ?

Back 76

internal intercostals and abdominal muscle would contract

Front 77

which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?

Back 77

alveoli

Front 78

the respiratory membrane is a combination of?

Back 78

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membrane

Front 79

The following sinuses drain into the nose?

Back 79

ethmoid, sphenoidal, frontal, and maxillary

Front 80

respiratory control centers are located in?

Back 80

medulla and pons

Front 81

the production of carbonic acid from water and CO2 causes?

Back 81

blood pH to decrease

Front 82

volumes of air exchange in breathing can be measured by?

Back 82

spirometer

Front 83

what kind of cartilage forms tracheal rings?

Back 83

hyalline

Front 84

normal breathing tube is?

Back 84

eupnea

Front 85

gas exchange by diffusion in tissues is termed?

Back 85

internal respiration

Front 86

chemoreceptors are located in the?

Back 86

aortic arch and carotid sinus

Front 87

gas exchange by diffusion in lungs involves?

Back 87

exchange of respiratory gases between alveoli and blood

Front 88

the average individual has how much of residual volume in his or her lungs?

Back 88

1200 mL

Front 89

during normal quiet breathing approximately how much air moves in and out of the lungs with each breath?

Back 89

500 mL

Front 90

people who have their adenoids removed to cut down on snoring are having their what removed?

Back 90

pharyngeal tonsils

Front 91

two gases contribute to 99% of the total of total atmospheric pressure. These gasses are?

Back 91

N2 and O2

Front 92

for what metabolic reason does respiration occur?

Back 92

to supply cells with O2 for ATP synthesis and to remove CO2 from blood

Front 93

even the most forceful exhalation levels air in the lungs. This is called what and is needed why?

Back 93

Residual volume and they keep alveoli patent

Front 94

sufactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by?

Back 94

interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules thereby reducing the surface tension inside alveoli

Front 95

what is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea?

Back 95

cricoid cartilage

Front 96

after leaving the trachea during inspiration, air then moves into the?

Back 96

primary bronchi

Front 97

the thyroid cartilage (adams apple) is part of the?

Back 97

larynx

Front 98

An increase in the volume of a container filled with air would have what effect on the presence of the container?

Back 98

decrease the pressure

Front 99

A decrease in pH will have what effect on the respiration rate?

Back 99

increase

Front 100

the most important muscle of inspiration is the?

Back 100

diaphragm

Front 101

the alimentary canal is also termed?

Back 101

the gastrointestinal tract (GI)

Front 102

which of the following statements is true regarding peristalis and segmenation?

Back 102

Peristalis: contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle propels and moves food along the length of the GI tract distally.

Segmentation: contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle are responsible for back and forth mixing of food

Front 103

segmentation primarily occurs in the?

Back 103

small intestine

Front 104

the serosa layer is the same as the?

Back 104

visceral peritoneum

Front 105

what are the small elevations on the mucous lining of the tongue?

Back 105

papillae

Front 106

what is the hardest tissue in the body?

Back 106

enamel

Front 107

food that leaves the small intestine is called?

Back 107

fecal matter

Front 108

food that leaves the stomach is called the?

Back 108

chyme

Front 109

which structure opens into the duodenum and prevents back flow into the stomach?

Back 109

pyloric sphincter

Front 110

what is the largest gland in the body?

Back 110

liver

Front 111

how does the stomach protect itself from digestion from HCL?

Back 111

secreted mucous

Front 112

which of the following organs of the digestive tract is absolutely required for survival?

Back 112

liver

Front 113

what two hormones are secreted by the pancreas?

Back 113

glucagon and insulin

Front 114

which of the following organs of the digestive is not involved in the digestion of food?

Back 114

large intestine

Front 115

which structure prevents backflow of waste in the small intestine?

Back 115

cecum

Front 116

what is the primary function of the small intestine?

Back 116

absorption of water and food/nutrients

Front 117

which of the following is a vestigial structure of the digestive system that serves no known digestive or physiological purpose?

Back 117

appendix

Front 118

the structure known as the lace apron that hangs down from the inferior edge of the stomach and transverse colon over the intestines is?

Back 118

greater omentum

Front 119

where does carbohydrate digestion mainly occur?

Back 119

small intestine

Front 120

the sheets of peritoneum that hold organs of the digestive tract in place are called?

Back 120

mesentery

Front 121

The walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order starting from the lumen?

Back 121

mucosa-submucosa-muscularis-serosa