Intercultural Communication Exam 1

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ethnocentrism

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tendency to think that our own culture is superior to others

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demographics

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the charactersistics of a population classified by race, sex ethnicity, age and income

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heterogeneous

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differences in a group culture or population

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homogeneous

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similarity in a group, culture or population

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anglocentrism

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using anglo or white culture standards as the criteria for interpretations and judgement of behaviors and attitudes

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melting pot

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a metaphor that assumes that immigrants and cultural minorities will be assimilated into the us majority culture, losing their original cultures

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nativist

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extremely patriotic to the point of being anti-immigrant

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multinational corporations

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companies that have corporations in two or more nations

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maquiladoras

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assembly plants or factories established on the U.S-Mexican border and using mainly Mexican labor

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global village

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a term coined by marshall McLean referring to world in which communication technology unites people in remote parts of the world

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diasporic groups

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ethnic and/or national groups that re geographically dispersed throughout the world

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identity management

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the way individuals make sence of their multiple images concerning sence of self in different social contexts

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identity tourism

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refers to people taking on the identities of other races, genders, classes or sexual orientations for recreational purporses

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colonialism

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the system by which groups with diverse languages, cultures, religions, and identities were united to form one state, usually by European power

the systme by which a country maintains power over other countries or groups of people to exploit them economically , politically and culturally

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ethics

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principles of conduct that help govern behaviors of individuals and groups

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dialogical approach

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focuses on importance of dialogue in developing and maintaining relationships between individuals and communities

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self-reflexivity

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a process of learning to understand oneself and one's position in society

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worldview

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underlying assumptions about the nature of reality and human behavior

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proxemics

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the study of how people use personal space

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distance zones

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the area, defined by physical spae, with which people interact , according to Edwaed Halls theory of proxemics, The four distane zones for individuals are

intimate
personal
social
public

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cross-cultural training

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training people to become familiar with other cultural norms and to improve their interactions with people of different domestic and international cultures

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diversity training

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the training meant to fascilitate intercultural communication among various gender, ethnic and racial groups in the united states

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Sapir-Whorft hypothesis

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the ssumptions that language shapes our ides and guides our view of social reality. This hypothesis was proposed by Edward Sapir; a linguist and his student Benjamin Whorf, and represents relativist view of language and perception

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intercultural competence

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the ability to behave effectively and appropriately in interacting across cultures

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interdisciplinary

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integrating knowledge from different disciplines in conducting research and constructing theory

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paradigm

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A framework that serves as the worldview of researchers

Different paradigm assume different interpretations of reality human behavior, culture and communication

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perception

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the process by which individuals select, organize and interpret stimuli to create their view of the world

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functionalist approach or social science approach

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1. there is a descriptive external reality

2. human behaviors are predictable

3. culture is a variable that can be measured

This approach aims to identify and explain cultural variations in communication and predict future communication

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quantitative methods

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research methods that use numerical indicators to capture and assertain the relationships among variables.

use survey and observation

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variable

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a concept that varies by existing in different types or different amounts and that can be operationalized and measured

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individualistic

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the tendency to emphasize individual identities, beliefs, needs, goals and view rather than those of the group

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collectivistic

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the tendency to focus on the goals needs and view of the ingroup rather than individual's own goals, needs and views

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anxiety uncertainty management theory

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The view that the reduction of anxiety and uncertainty plays an important role in successful intercultural communication, particularly when experiencing new cultures

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face negotiaition theory

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The view that cultural groups vary in preferences for conflict and face-saving strategies

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conversational constraints theory

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The view that individuals adjust their verbal communication to facilitate understanding

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diffusion of innovations theory

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the view that communication and relationships play important roles in how new ideas are adopted by individuals and groups

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translation equivalence

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the linguistic sameness that is gained after translating and back translating research materials several times using different translators

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conceptual equivalanece

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the similarity of linguistic terms and meanings across cultures

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interpretive approach

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An approach to intercultural communication that aims to understand and describe human behavior within specific cultural groups based on assumptions that

1. human experience is subjective
2. human behavior is creative rather than determined or easily predictable
3. culture is created and maintained through communication

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ethnography

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a discipline that examines the patterned interactions and significant symbols of specific cultural groups to identify cultural norms that guide their behaviors

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qualitative methods

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research methods that attempt to capture people's own meanings for their everyday behavior in specific contexts . These methods use participant observation and field studies

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participant observation

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investigators interact extensively with the group studied

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rhetorial approach

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scholars try to interpret meanings from persuasion used intexts or oral discourses in the contexts in which they occur

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etic

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searches for universal generalizations across cultures from a distance

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emic

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focuses on understanding communication patterns from inside a particular community or context

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afrocentricity

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an orientation toward african or african american cultural standards. including beliefs and values, as the criteria for interpreting behaviors and attitudes

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critical approach

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methateoretical apprach

focus on macrocontexts such as political and social structures

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macrocontexts

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political social and historical situations, backgrounds and environments

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textual anlysis

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examination of cultural texts such as media

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postcolonialism

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an intellectual, political and cultural movement that calls for the independence of colonized states

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hybrid identity

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identity that is conciously a mixture of different cultures

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social reproduction

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process of perpetuating cultural patters