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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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OSI Model
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Physical
Data Link Network Transport Session Presentation Application |
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TCP Model
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Network Access
Internet Transport Application |
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Layer 1 PDU
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Bit
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Layer 2 PDU
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Frame
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Layer 3 PDU
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Packet
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Layer 4 PDU
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Segment (TDP)/Datagram (UDP)
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TCP Handshake |
Synchronization (SYN) Synchronization-Acknowledgement (SYN-ACK) Acknowledgement (ACK) |
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TCP Benefits |
Reliable Connection-Oriented Error checking Error recovery |
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UDP Benefit |
Speed |
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Port 20 |
TCP FTP Data |
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Port 21 |
TCP FTP Control |
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Port 22 |
TCP SSH |
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Port 23 |
TCP Telnet |
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Port 25 |
TCP SMTP |
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Port 69 |
UDP SFTP |
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Port 67 & 68 |
UDP DHCP |
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Port 110 |
TCP POP3 |
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Port 161 |
UDP SNMP |
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Port 514 |
UDP Syslog |
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Port 520 |
UDP RIP |
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Repeater |
Takes incoming signal and re-transmits it to extend distance |
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Hub |
Takes incoming signal and re-transmits it out all ports except incoming. Like a multi-port repeater. |
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Bridge |
Connects two otherwise separate networks. Takes incoming signal and decides whether to forward it or filter it based on MAC address. |
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Switch |
Takes incoming signal and forwards it on only to port it is intended for. Some switches can also contain routing functionality. |
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Router |
Forwards data packets between networks. |
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Firewall |
Protects one portion of a network from another. Can be software or hardware based. |
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Wireless Access Point |
Allow users to connect to the network using various 802.11 wireless protocols. Most have support for multiple protocols, known as dual-band. Can have integrated security functions or can have those provided by wireless LAN controller. |
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Wireless LAN Controller |
Connects multiple access points together to provide centralized management and security. |
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Access Layer |
Provides workgroup/user access to network * Port security * Layer 2 switching * Address resolution protocol (ARP) inspection * Spanning tree protocol (STP) * Virtual access control lists (VACLs) * Power over ethernet (PoE) * QoS classification |
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Distribution Layer |
Provides policy based connectivity *Aggregation of LAN/WAN links *Redundancy *Load balancing *Policy based access control lists (ACLs) *Routing services between LANs and VLANs *Broadcast domain control |
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Core Layer |
Backbone layer that provides connectivity between separate distribution layers *High speed switching *Reliability and fault tolerance |
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Three-Tier Architecture |
Separates network into smaller layers/tiers to ease management. *Access layer *Distribution layer *Core layer |
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Collapsed Core Architecture |
In smaller networks the distribution and core layer functions can be combined into one layer, simplifying network design and equipment needed. |
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Network Topology |
Layout of the various network devices showing how data flows through the network. Does not necessarily depict the physical layout of the network. |
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Star Network Topology |
One central device that all other devices flow through. Advantage: Simple to setup and add new nodes Disadvantage: One single point of failure |
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Full Mesh Network Topology |
All network devices are connected to every other network device. Advantage: Complete redundancy. Always have optimal path. Disadvantage: High cost. Hard to add new nodes (exponentially increases the number of connections needed) |
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Partial Mesh Network Topology |
Some nodes may only connect to one other while other nodes connect to 2 or more others. Advantage: Easier to scale. Still provides some redundancy. Lower cost than full mesh. Disadvantage: Less redundancy than full mesh |
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Hybrid Network Topology |
Not a topology on its own, but a combination of other topologies that are connected together. Advantage: Ability to choose the best topology for each portion of the network. Disadvantage: More analysis and constant evaluation needed. |
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10BASE-T |
Name: Ethernet Speed: 10Mbps Type: Copper Length: 100m |
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100BASE-T |
Name: Fast Ethernet Speed: 100Mbps Type: Copper Length: 100m |
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1000BASE-LX |
Name: Gigabit Ethernet Speed: 1000Mbps Type: Fiber Length: 5000m |
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1000BASE-T |
Name: Gigabit Ehternet Speed: 1000Mbps Type: Copper Length: 100m |
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10GBASE-T |
Name: 10 Gig Ethernet Speed: 10Gbps Type: Copper Length: 100m |
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40GBASE-LR4 |
Name: 40 Gig Ethernet Speed: 40Gbps Type: FIber Length: 10000m |
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UTP |
Unshielded twisted pair |
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Troubleshooting Methodology |
Problem Isolation Documentation Resolve Escalate Verify and Monitor |
