Humanities Exam 3 Literature

Front 1

Vernacular

Back 1

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region

Front 2

Allegory

Back 2

A story in which characters, settings, or actions are symbolic

Front 3

Contrapasso

Back 3

Resembling or contrasting with the sin itself (poetic justice)

Front 4

Taxonomy

Back 4

Classification/categorization of human evil
7 deadly sins

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Schadenfreude

Back 5

"Harm-joy"
Taking pleasure/joy in other's misery
"To feel envy is human, to feel schadenfreude is devilish." Arthur Schopenhauer

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Liminality

Back 6

The space between 2 opposing binaries
Ex. In between being a child and an adult
Dante's Liminality is the constant struggle between condemnation (155) and pity (161)

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Vestibule

Back 7

Uncommitted
Souls of opportunists/either good nor evil/don't seek salvation

Front 8

Suburban Hell

Back 8

Committed
Committed to a particular sin
Defining commitment is not to God

Front 9

City of Dis

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Rebels
Radical independents
Greatest sinner in Hell in Satan because he knew God and decided to have radical independence and decided not to serve

Front 10

Significance of the trinity

Back 10

3 line stanzas (tercets)
33 cantos in each of the 3 parts, except the Inferno which has 34 cantos, making a total of 100
9 circles of Hell (Trinity squared)
3 mouths of Lucifer holding the 3 great betrayers

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Who are the great human betrayers?

Back 11

Judas, Cassius, and Brutus

Front 12

Who is the WORST betrayer of all?

Back 12

Satan

Front 13

When does The Inferno begin and end?

Back 13

Begins on Good Friday
End Easter Sunday

Front 14

Be able to name the seven deadly sins

Back 14

Wrath, greed, sloth, pride, lust, envy, and gluttony

Front 15

The story of Paolo and Francesca and why Dante identifies with them

Back 15

Francesca was bound in marriage to an old and deformed man, she eventually fell in love with Paolo, her husband’s younger brother. One day, as she and Paolo sat reading an Arthurian legend about the love of Lancelot and Guinevere, each began to feel that the story spoke to their own secret love. When they came to a particularly romantic moment in the story, they could not resist kissing. Francesca’s husband quickly discovered their transgression and had the young lovers killed. Now Paolo and Francesca are doomed to spend eternity in the Second Circle of Hell.
"The double grief of a lost bliss / is to recall its happy hour in pain" (39)
Dante identifies with them because of his forbidden love with Beatrice

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Reason is the highest good without God

Back 16

Virgil guides Dante

Front 17

City of Dis

Back 17

Fortress, not a prison
A fortress keeps evil out while a prison keeps prisoners in
The fortress attempts to keep out God
Jesus breaks down the gate of the City of Dis when he descends to Hell and rises to Heaven

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Hierarchy of medieval society

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Clergy - those who pray
Knights/Nobles - those who fight
Peasant - those who work
According to Dante the worst type of person in a Clergyman who abuses his power

Front 19

Addiction versus proportionate desire

Back 19

God creates all thing, so all things are good
Faith in God which leads to salvation is the ultimate fulfillment in life
Human corruption causes Godly paradox

Front 20

Dante’s defining commitment

Back 20

God in order to be granted salvation

Front 21

Story of Pope Nicolas

Back 21

Strong condemnation of the clergy sins
Dante praises God's wise judgement (3rd stanza p 133)
Most sinful is using position of clergy to gain power
Wherever there is human there is corruption

Front 22

Story of Ulysses in hell

Back 22

Evil counselor - shows the subjective nature of hell
Ulysses tells his story of adventure - Dante rewrites Ulysses's death (214)

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Story of Monk Guido

Back 23

Christian evil counselor
The evil of corrupt clergy, demonstrated again (221)
Inability to escape judgment, no matter what the pope says (222)

Front 24

Constant struggle between total condemnation and pity

Back 24

Constant struggle between condemnation (155) and pity (161)

Front 25

Dante’s temptation to be an adventurer and gain knowledge

Back 25

The quest for adventure
The desire for knowledge
Pilgrimage of the self, not the spirit
Dante believes Ulysses's defining commitment is "experience" (214)
Kindred spirits - visitors of hell, but to what purpose
The curse of intelligence

Front 26

Why is betrayal the worst sin?

Back 26

Community - make order out of chaos; betrayal creates chaos
Coeytus - Hell frozen over where betrayers are
Image of radical independence from God