Human Performance Gravity

Front 1

Who was the first person to do EVA-extra vehicle activity? When?

Back 1

Leonov 1965

Front 2

Who was the first man In space? When?

Back 2

Gagarin 1961

Front 3

Are we sensitive to speed?

Back 3

No we are moving at 108000 km/h through space we dont notice

The earth rotates at 17000 km/h we dont notice this either

We are actually sensitive to acceleration and deceleration

Front 4

What are the two types of acceleration?

Back 4

Linear acceleration- where direction is constant but the speed changes

Radical acceleration-speed is constant but your direction constantly changes

Front 5

What is 1g? In m/s2 what does it mean?

Back 5

1g= 9.8 m/s2

Shows for every Second what your speed will be whilst falling

Front 6

If I jump out a plane what prevents my speed from continually increasing?

Back 6

Air resistance terminal velocity=55-60 m/s2

Front 7

How do you achieve minus 1G

Back 7

Stand on your head the 1g goes to your head instead of legs. If you increase the G force to the head the pressure could cause problems in the brain

Front 8

Fair rides go up to about 3G but how do I get to very high G?

Back 8

Put the person in a centrifuge

Front 9

What is the G force of a military aircraft and a ejector seat?

Back 9

Aircraft= 8G ejection seat=25G

Front 10

What does eye balls in and eye balls out refer to in terms of G

Back 10

Eye balls in +v G eye balls out -ve G

Front 11

What happens with very high G 12G?

Back 11

Loss of consciousness and convulsions

GLOC=G INDUCED LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

AGLOC=ALMOST G INDUCED LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

the G force also pulls your diaphragm down so lower part of lungs is unable to pull it back up to squeeze air out lungs. 02 levels can drop in the top of lungs and there is bad air in bottom of lungs (Not good)

Front 12

Name a clever countermeasures for G force

Back 12

1.A suit that has canals that have liquid in it so as G increases the liquid also moves to legs which squeeze the legs preventing the legs from having blood pooling maintaining blood flow to the brain.(Libelle suit) The same can be done for Air

2. Horizontal seating

3. Breathing and straining exercises

Front 13

Who was a pioneer in deceleration research?

Back 13

Colonel John strapp volunteered himself to a lot of extreme experiments to see what happens to the body with extreme deceleration

Front 14

When is the G force a main issue during space take of? Name any other issues with rocket travel

Back 14

Not straight away usually as the shuttle enters orbit 6-8G for 60seconds

Vibration can cause nausea and also makes it hard to steer

Also body resonating frequency could be achieved which is high strain on the body

Front 15

So on Earth the G force was 9.8 m s2 however in space there is less gravitational pull what is the moons g force and Mars g force? What defines the gravity experienced

Back 15

Moon= 1.6 m s2

Mars=3.7 m s2

The mass of the 2 objects e.g mass of the moon and mass of the shuttle

Front 16

The blood is pushed upwards during microgravity. What are the symptoms

Back 16

Puffy face

Eyes bulging

Blocked nose (swollen mucous membrane)

Diminished taste and smell

Legs shrink

Less blood volume

Front 17

Blood volume drops in microgravity what is the problem when people return to gravity?

Back 17

They have less blood volume so blood pressure drops and can sometime faint and feel dizzy

Front 18

What happens to total haemoglobin as number of days at microgravity increase?

Back 18

The amount decreases due to

1.decreased EPO and production

2.Active breakdown of haemoglobin

You can see this is most apparent between 16 and 30 days but reduces 30 and 63 days

Front 19

What happens to height and posture with microgravity?

Back 19

Increases one person grew by 6cm

And the joints move to their mid point so COG changes and shoulders become slightly more backwards and

Front 20

Why do you have weight loss with microgravity? How do you measure the mass in space?

Back 20

You have decreased weight with microgravity, due to fluid loss and decreased appetite.

They measure the mass by measuring the momentum of the body. You can get on a swing and look at the frequency.

Front 21

Name some physiological changes with microgravity

Back 21

1.fluid loss, smaller heart= due to the blood that is there being better distributed and also the heart doesn't have to pump against gravity so doesn't need to be as big and strong.

2.loss of bone mass = (1%/month) little impact on the weight bearing bones

3. Loss of muscle mass= things are a lot easier in space. You lose strength.

4.postural control/eye movements = you dont use your proprioception as much they tend to use their eyes to see where they are

5. High risk of kidney stones= more bones are broken down which means more calcium is in the blood stream and more excreted in the kidney

6. Space sickness= 2/3 of all astronauts get some level of motion sickness. Nausea headaches, sudden vomiting. Due to a sensory conflict look at the picture

Hint 21

Front 22

What is another way other than going to space to study the effects of microgravity?

Back 22

1.Getting people to stay in bed for a very long time. So the same adaptations occur

2. Parabolic flights= plane goes up very steep then nose dives so you get free fall which creates microgravity

3. Can practice under water with the space suit

Front 23

Name some countermeasures to prevent negative effects in microgravity

Back 23

Use a vessel that seals around the lower body. Sucks blood from the top into the bottom of the body. (Lower body negative pressure)

2.fluid electrolyte replenishment on return to gravity

3. Exercise whilst in space

4. Medication against motion sickness

5. Adaptation trainers (seat that rotates)

6.diet

Front 24

What can the temperature range between on a space walk? How do we mitigate against this?

Back 24

120 and -120

Use a climate system in the suit (waterperfused suit) can heat different areas of the suit

Front 25

A suit is at 1 atmospheric pressure. And outside is 0 atmospheres. What happens to the suit and why?

Back 25

It would swell up think of the cycle tire.

Front 26

If the suit is at 1/3 atmospheric pressure you are going from the space station 1 atm to 1/3 which is a factor of 3 which we know over 1/2 change in pressure can lead to decompression sickness. How do they get round this?

Back 26

Before the EVA reduce the pressure in the space station so less of a change and increase 02 levels in the space station so there is less nitrogen in their circulation. Less chance of bubbles