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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Science of Human Develpoment
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Seeks to understand how and why all people, everywhere, of every age, change or remain the same over time.
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Emperical
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Type of information that is based on observation and experimentation, rather then theory alone.
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Scientific Method
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A way to answer questions that requires emperical research and data-based conclusions.
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What are the five sets of the Scientific Method?
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1. Pose a research question
2. Develop a hyposthesis 3. Test the hypothesis 4. Draw conclusios 5. Report the results, allowing for replication. |
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Replication
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Means to repeat a test of a research hypothesis and to try to obtain the same results using different participants.
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Nature
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Refers to all the traits that a person inherits from his or her parents.
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Nurture
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Refers to all the enviornmental influences that affect development.
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Critical Period
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A time when a particular type of developmental growth must occur.
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Sensitive Period
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A time when a particular type of develpoment happens most easily.
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Dynamic-Systems Theory
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Views human development as in a constant state of flux (dynamic) and as the product of the interaction between systems within the person and the enviornment.
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Life-Span Perspective
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Takes into account all phases of life and views human development as multidirectional, multi cultural, multidisiplinary, multicontextuial, and plastic.
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Cohort
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A group of people who, because they were born within a few years of eachother, experiance many of the same historical events and cultural shifts.
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Socioeconmic Status (SES)
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is determinded by or her income, wealth, education, place of residence, and occupation.
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Ethnic Group
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A collection of people whose ancestors were born in the same region, usually sharing a language, culture, and religion.
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Race
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A misleading social construction for a group of people who are regarded (by themselves or others) as distinct on the basis of physical appearance.
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Mirror Neurons
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Cells in a person's brain that respon to the observed actions of others in the same way they would if the observer had done that action.
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Scientific Observation
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A method of testing a hypothesis by unobtrusively watching and recording of participants' behavior in a systematic and objective manner, in the laboratory, in a natural setting, or in searches of archival data.
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The Experiment
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The research method designed to untangle cause from effect by manipulating one variable to observe the effect on another variable.
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Independent Variable
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The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe what effect it has on the dependent variable.
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Dependent Variable
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The variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation is added in an experiment.
Example: In the srudy of the effects of a new drug on memory, the participants'memory is the dependent variable. |
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Survey
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The research method in which information is collected from a large number or people, either through written questionaires, personal interviews, or some other means.
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Cross-Sectional Research
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Groups of people who differ in age but share other important characteristics are compared with regard to the variable under investigation.
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Longitudinal Research
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The same group of individuals is studied over a period of time to measure both change and stability as they age.
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Cross-Sequential Research
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Follows a group of people of different ages over time, thus combining the strengths of the cross-sectional and longitudinal methods.
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Correlation
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A number between +1.0 and -1.0 indicating the degree of relationship between two variables, such that one is likely (or unlikely) to occur when the other occures or one is likely to increase (or decrease) when the other increases (or decreasees).
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Quantitative Research
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Collects data that are expressed with numbers.
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Qualitative Reasearch
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Collects non-numerical descriptions of participants'characteristic behaviors and ideas.
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Code of ethics
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Developmental psychologists and other scientistis work from a set of moral principals that guide their research.
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Institutional Review Board (IRB)
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A group within an educational or medical institution whose purpose is to ensure that research is ethical and follows established guidelines.
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Experimental Group
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A group of subjects exposed to the independent variable of an experiment (compare control group )
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Norm
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The Normal for its relm.
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Culture of Poverty
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A social theory that expands on the cycle of poverty
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Holistic
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An approach to medical care that emphasizes the study of all aspects of a person's health, includin
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Resiliency
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Refers to your ability to quickly recover from change or misfortune.
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Validity
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The extent to which a concept conclusion or measurement is well-founded and corresponds accurately to the real world.
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Reliability
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The ability to be relied on or depended on
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Sample Size
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The number of objects in the sample
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Representative Sample
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A statistical sample that includes individuals representing a larger group
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Blind Experimenters/ Participants
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A test or experiment in which information about the test that might lead to bias in the results is concealed from the tester, the subject, or both until after the test
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Experimental Group
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A group of subjects that are exposed to the variable of a control experiment.
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Control (Comparison) Group
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The control group plays an important role in the research process by giving researchers something to compare the treatment group to.
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Case Study
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A type of research that involves doing an in-depth study of a single person or group.
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What percentage is the Norm standerd
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80%
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