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337 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who wrote the Discourse on Method?
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Descartes
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What did Descartes write?
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the Discourse on Method
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What was Descartes' apt motto for the Age of Reason?
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"I think, therefore I am"
[cogito ergo sum] |
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What was Descartes' principal contribution to mathematics?
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use of letters in algebraic equations
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What was Descartes' principal contribution to science?
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"fight or flight" syndrome
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Who wrote the Principia?
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Sir Isaac Newton
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What did Sir Isaac Newton write?
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Principia
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What are the 3 main tenets of the preface to the Principia?
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3M view of the universe:
Materialistic Mechanical Mathematical |
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What are the 3 tenets of a 3M universe?
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Materialistic
Mechanical Mathematical |
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What does a materialistic view of the universe entail?
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made only of physical matter which follows physical laws
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How is the universe mechanical in the 3M view of the universe?
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Like a clock: physical pieces that all fit together and work and move predictably, according to laws
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What make the universe mathematical in the 3M view thereof?
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the motion of the universe can be explained mathematically and quantified
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What were Newton's contributions to science?
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Light and Optics
Reflecting telescope Calculus Laws of Motion and Gravity |
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How did Newton change the study of light and optics?
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broke white light into colors of spectrum
particle/corpuscular theory |
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How did Newton improve the telescope and what were its effects?
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reflecting with mirrors
more powerful than Galileo's refracting telescope with lenses |
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What are Newton's three laws of motion?
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1. Bodies at rest stay at rest until acted upon by a force
2. Motion proportional to force impressed in the direction of the force (F=MA) 3. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction |
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Compare induction and deduction
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Induction: to investigate the forces of nature (see a cheerio fall and figure out why)
Cheerio falling==>Gravity Deduction: apply these inductions to other areas Gravity==>Book will fall |
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How did Newton's discoveries and methods radically alter the way people viewed the universe and their place in it?
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methods of induction and deduction applied to all areas of life
universe was quantifiable, attainable Nature and Nature’s laws lay locked in night; God said, Let Newton be! And all was light. |
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Who wrote this heroic couplet?
Nature and Nature’s laws lay locked in night; God said, Let Newton be! And all was light. |
Alexander Pope
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What were the effects of Newton's discoveries on religion?
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Mechanistic Atheism
God as a powerful but not a personal being The clockmaker, hands off after completion |
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As a devout Christian, Newton fought to reconcile his laws with religion. What were his major arguments for the existence of a God?
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1. Design
-nature, planetary motion 2. First Mover -set everything in motion 3. Corrects entropy -conservation of energy -steps in when the system starts to wear itself down 4. Omnipresent, intelligent, animating Spirit in nature |
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How does Hobbes' view of human psychology anticipate and correspond to the Newtonian view of the physical universe?
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3M universe=3M view of man
memory=physical imprint of image no free will=all external force, matter imagination=decaying sense |
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What did Hobbes write?
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The Leviathan
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Who wrote The Leviathan?
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Hobbes
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What Age of Reason writing deals with the correlation between Newton's laws of motion and human psychology?
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The Leviathan
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Who wrote the Age of Reason writing deals with the correlation between Newton's laws of motion and human psychology?
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Hobbes
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What did Locke write?
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the Essay on Human Understanding
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Who wrote the Essay on Human Understanding?
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John Locke
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Define:
epistemology |
the study or science of knowing
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Define:
a priori |
knowledge that we bring with us to this world, stamped upon the mind of man
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Define:
tabula rasa |
white paper, blank slate
born without any ideas |
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How does Spinoza define God?
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immutable natural law
God's will=laws of nature |
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What are Locke's views of epistemology?
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learn through sensation/experience
experiences lead to ideas |
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How do Locke's views of epistemology differ from Plato's theory? Namely:
1) a priori 2) tabula rasa |
Locke rejects the "a priori" principle (we all believe in different gods, variation in morality), asserting that we come into the world with a "tabula rasa", a blank slate to fill with ideas born of experience
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What did Spinoza write?
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Treatise on Religion and the State
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Who wrote the Treatise on Religion and the State?
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Spinoza
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Academic Baroque
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Classic
Poussin Continuation of the Academy High Renaissance Apollonian, intellect Linear Multiplicity Static Symmetrical Planar Closed Clear Universality Idealism rational |
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Free Baroque
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Romantic
Rubens Dionysian Emotion>reason Painterly UNity Dramatic recession open Unclear individual diversity impulsive |
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Define:
unity (of forms) |
forms overlap, flow together
form one united body |
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Define:
multiplicity |
each form separate, distinct
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Define:
open composition |
action continues beyond frame
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Define:
closed composition |
action centralized
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Define:
recession (organization) |
action spills across entire canvas
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Define:
planar (organization) |
action contained
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Why was Louis XIV referred to as the "Sun King"?
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center of France
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How is Louis' role as Sun King reflected in:
centralization and absolutism in politics, religion, taste and fashion |
"l'etat c'est moi"
Monarch Legislated Fashion Made religious appointments |
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How is Louis' role as Sun King reflected in:
centralism and absolutism in art |
Academies, academicism
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How is Louis' role as Sun King reflected in:
court ballets |
performer, loved his legs
played Apollo in a production |
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How is Louis' role as Sun King reflected in:
the function and layout of Versailles |
solar motif
bedroom at center rooms named after planets centered around the King nothing grew naturally in the gardens, all controlled |
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How is Louis' role as Sun King reflected in:
the daily schedule of the palace |
everything happened simultaneously
predictable and orderly as the sun |
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How is Louis' role as Sun King reflected in:
the role of the King via the messenger in Moliere's Tartuffe |
messenger swoops in and miraculously lifts the charges on Orgon while arresting Tartuffe-happy ending!
sovereignty of reason |
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How does French Baroque differ from Italian Counter-Reformation Baroque style?
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more Classical than Romantic
Bernini's plan for the Louvre vs Perrault |
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Why was Bernini's plan for the new wing of the Louvre rejected?
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far too Italian Baroque: undulating walls, ornamentation
the winner had more Classical elements |
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How do the differences between the French Aristocratic Baroque and the Italian Counter-Reformation Baroque reflect different values and world-views?
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order, predictability vs emotion, etc
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How does the architecture of Versailles reflect the period's emphasis on reason and moderation?
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nothing grew wild
King as the center, mini universe classical influence in the arches of exterior |
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How do the characters and themes in Tartuffe reflect the period's emphasis on reason and moderation?
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Discerns true from false, right from wrong
Moderates passions Immoderate Tartuffe gets screwed over |
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Define:
absolutism |
The King is the be all and end all
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In what respects is the new wing of the Louvre, designed by Perrault, Baroque?
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Not as simple as Classical architecture
more ornamentation academic Baroque |
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Who successfully designed the new wing of the Louvre?
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Perrault
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In what respects is the new wing of the Louvre, designed by Perrault, a sort of "Neo-Classical"?
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Pediment, columns, arches
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Who designed Versailles?
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Le Vau and Mansart
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Who designed the gardens at Versailles?
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Le Notre
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Who was in charge of the interior decoration of Versailles?
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Le Brun
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Le Vau and Masart were responsible for what part of Versailles?
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architecture
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Le Brun was responsible for what aspect of Versailles?
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decor
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Le Notre was responsible for what piece of Versailles life?
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gardens
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How is Bernini associated with and what does he contribute to the art of Louis XIV's reign?
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designs a new wing for the Louvre, unsuccessfully
portrait bust |
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Who wrote Tartuffe?
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Moliere
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Moliere wrote what play?
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Tartuffe
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What is the purpose of satire, according to Moliere, and hence the purpose of the play?
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point out men's vices in order to correct them
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What was the Tartuffe scandal?
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Moliere was attacked as "the most notably impious creature and libertine who ever lived"
play labeled as blasphemous and anti-religious ironic, because the play was intended to attack hypocrisy and serve as a call to true religion |
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What was the influence of Aristotle's Poetics and other classical works in the play's emphasis on rational moderation as a virtue and on hubris as the cause of grief?
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regulated verse structure
good guys win, bad guys loses Aristotle's Ethics discerns true from false, right from wrong moderates passions |
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What was the influence of Aristotle's Poetics and other classical works in the play's compliance with the three unities?
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unity of:
time place action |
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What was the influence of Aristotle's Poetics and other classical works in the play's plot structure: exposition, complication, climax, denouement, deus ex machina, etc...?
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beginning, middle, end
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What arguments does Tartuffe use in his attempts to seduce Elmire and justify his lust before God and men?
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He's only human
Worshiping beauty=worshiping the Creator The choice is hers, not his perverted reason thru rationalization it isn't wrong as long as it's secret |
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Why is Orgon blind for so long?
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assert his patriarchy
flattered by Tartuffe self-deception, justification |
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Who is the mouthpiece for reason?
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Cleante, the wife's brother
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Tartuffe:
Describe Mme. Pernell |
hypocrisy incarnate
-uncharitable -interrupts all the time the Mother-in-law |
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Tartuffe:
Describe Damis |
son of Orgon
impetuous re: Laertes |
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Tartuffe:
Describe Marianne |
daughter of Orgon
obedient re: Ophelia |
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Tartuffe:
Describe Dorine |
servant of the house
straight-shooter |
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Tartuffe:
Describe Elmire |
the wife of Orgon
sister of Cleante reasonable |
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Tartuffe:
Describe Cleante |
Elmire's brother
voice of reason |
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Tartuffe:
Describe Orgon |
blind
proud ultimately believes his family. ultimately. |
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Tartuffe:
Describe Tartuffe |
hypocrite
gross weird |
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Who was responsible for music at Versailles?
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Jeane Baptiste Lully
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Who was responsible for the first permanent chamber orchestra in Europe?
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Jean Baptiste Lully
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What was the first permanent chamber orchestra in Europe?
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Vingt Quatre Violons (24 strings)
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What is the Vingt Quatre Violons?
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First permanent chamber orchestra in Europe
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In whose court was the Vingt Quatre Violons?
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Louis XIV
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What ensemble did Lully assemble for outdoor performances at Versailles?
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La Grande Ecurie, a wind and brass ensemble
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Jean Baptiste Lully
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He did operas for Louis the XIV apparently...? I don't know what the study guide is trying to say with this...
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Who wrote incidental and ballet music for Moliere's plays?
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Jean Baptiste Lully
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Lully wrote music for whose plays?
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Moliere
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Who was instrumental (no pun intended) in the development of ballet?
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Lully
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Who was the leader of the Protestants in the English Civil War?
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Oliver Cromwell
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Oliver Cromwell lead which side of the English Civil War, spanning from 1642-1660?
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Protestants
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What British leader was beheaded in the English Civil War?
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Charles I
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What became of Charles I in the English Civil War?
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Beheaded in 1649
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Who restored the monarchy in the English Civil War?
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Charles II
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What did Charles II do at the end of the English Civil War?
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restored the monarchy, known as the Merry Monarch
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Who were William of Orange and Queen Mary?
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William and Mary ruled as limited constitutional monarchs
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Who was George of Hanover (aka George I)?
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1st Hanover king
House of Windsor, present ruling family, descends from him |
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How did Palladio influence Inigo Jones in the creation of the Banqueting House?
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adheres to Palladio's text in every point
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What are the Renaissance features of the Banqueting House?
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straightforward and classical
simple rectangular plan stringcourse (pronounced horizontal division between floors) Balustrade Pilasters Alternating triangular and semicircular patterns minimal ornamentation |
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Who built the Banqueting House?
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Inigo Jones
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What did Inigo Jones build?
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Banqueting House
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Who is the artists of the Baroque ceilings in the Banqueting House?
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Rubens!
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What is the sole Baroque feature of Inigo Jones' Banqueting House?
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Ceiling
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Inigo Jones was instrumental to architecture for one specific reason. What is that?
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Translated Palladio's books into English
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In what style was St Paul's Cathedral built?
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English Baroque
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In what style was St. Mary-le-Bow built?
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English Baroque
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In what style was the Hampton Court Garden Facade built?
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English Baroque
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Sir Christopher Wren built in what style?
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English Baroque
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Who built St. Paul's Cathedral?
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Sir Christopher Wren
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What three works did Sir Christopher Wren build?
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St. Paul's Cathedral
St. Mary-le-Bow and other London churches Hampton Court Garden Facade |
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What other buildings and architects influenced the design of St Paul's?
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Palladio
Inigo Jones the Louvre Versailles Michelangelo (re: dome of St. Peter's) Pantheon |
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How was the original plan for St Paul's modified and why?
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addition of the spire
no towers=no bells=not a church central plan-->nave compromise: really long wings, all converging on the center |
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Who built St. Mary-le-Bow?
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Sir Christopher Wren
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Who built the Hampton Court Garden Facade?
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Sir Christopher Wren
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What building influenced Wren's design for the Hampton Court Garden Facade for the new wing of the palace?
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Perrault's east facade of the Louvre
garden facade at Versailles |
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Who designed St Martin in the Fields?
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James Gibbs
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In what style is St Martin in the Fields?
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English Baroque
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What was Wren's plan for rebuilding London after the fire of 1666?
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principal buildings in the center of the city with streets radiating geometrically
BUT-old shops were built on the same spot to maintain tradition so the meandering streets reformed the way they used to be |
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Why is St. Mary le Bow significant?
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prototype for the new churches Wren would build around London
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Why was Wren such a successful architect?
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Mathematician
Astronomer |
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Who was James Gibbs?
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Wren's student and successor
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What is the oxymoron in Gibbs' church?
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Horizontality of the church, verticality of the tower-common today but not then
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How was Dutch art and culture affected in the 17th century by the war for independence from Spain that lead to political decentralization and democratization?
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Democratic spirit/Titular monarchy
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How was Dutch art and culture affected in the 17th century by the Bourgeois capitalist economy and mercantilism?
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brought wealth to the nation, not just to the aristocracy
rising middle class, wider variety of patrons |
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How was Dutch art and culture affected in the 17th century by Calvinism?
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work saints
literacy spiritual democracy |
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How was Dutch art and culture affected in the 17th century by the emphasis on education?
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literacy
read the scriptures |
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How was Dutch art and culture affected in the 17th century by intellectual and religious tolerance?
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literacy
varied ideas no censorship |
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How was Dutch art and culture affected in the 17th century by the "cult of the home" and domesticity?
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no parties, theatre, balls,
painting for decoration |
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What are the principal subjects of Dutch art?
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landscapes
seascapes still life paintings genre scenes portraits corporation pictures biblical/historical scenes |
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Why is the Age of Observation called such?
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development of scopes both tele- and micro-
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How does the painting style of the Age of Observation reflect scientific interests?
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pragmatic-no mysticism,not philosophical
linear style mundane subject matter |
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Dutch Baroque
Pieter de Hooch Mother and Child |
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How is Pieter de Hooch's Mother and Child typical of the Dutch Baroque?
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clean, orderly
home=microcosm of universe family relations |
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How is Frans Hals' Lute Player with Wine typical of the Dutch Baroque?
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spontaneous individual action
simple background painterly style diagonal composition |
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How does Ruisdael typify the Dutch Baroque in his paintings?
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Jewish cemetery indicative of religious tolerance
allusions to death scientific hint of rainbow objective approach |
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How does Jan Steen typify the Dutch Baroque in The Happy Company?
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children learning from the poor examples of their elders
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Be familiar with Rembrandt's life.
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Son of a wealthy miller
loved his wife Saskia who died 8 years after they got married |
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Trace the evolution of Rembrandt's style. What are the distinctive characteristics of his mature style?
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Earlier style: more focus on surface detail
Mature: universality of grief, emphasis on face and hands trial=variation on a theme |
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Describe Rembrandt's painting technique
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painterly
emotion>accuracy |
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What kind of subject matter does Rembrandt paint?
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himself
old women ghettoes religious work |
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What artists influenced Rembrandt most significantly?
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Titian
Rubens Caravaggio |
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What is the difference between an etching and an engraving?
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etching-acid eats thru the hard ground
engraving-artist carves the lines |
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What is a camera obscura?
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shortcut to perspective
capture vague forms |
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What evidence is there that Vermeer used a camera obscura for his art?
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pointillistic quality from the pixels of light
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What are the common characteristics of a Vermeer painting?
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objective, analytical
optical perfection light of the open window folded cloth in the foreground light from side window geometry=ordering principle |
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What is the typical subject matter for Vermeer?
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women
"non" activities no one with preeminence home=universe |
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Contrast the art of Vermeer with that of Rembrandt
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Rembrandt:
mystical inner beauty light of the soul Amsterdam Vermeer: objective, analytical optical perfection light of the open window Delft |
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What are the general characteristics of the Baroque musical style?
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polyphony dominates, but homophony is increasingly important
highly ornamented word painting/representative style step/terrace dynamics major and minor tonality sensitivity to instrumental color regular, relentless rhythm, development of bar lines emphasis on bass line |
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In what ways is Baroque music like Baroque painting, sculpture, and architecture?
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highly ornamented
dramatic stark contrast concerto grosso: strive, contend |
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How does Baroque music reflect -and exemplify- the rationalism of the Age of Reason?
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emphasis on rational, steady, constant bass line
structure |
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Define:
Basso continuo, thorough bass |
bass played throughout the piece
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Define:
figured bass |
musical shorthand for chords
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Define:
Ground bass, ostinato |
short phrase repeated over and over
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Define:
Da capo aria |
ABA format
"from the head", or beginning |
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Define:
Ostinato Aria |
aria sung over a ground bass
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Baroque music:
Concerto grosso, concertino, tutti |
Baroque form built on principles of contrast
certo=latin for strive, contend, compete |
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Baroque music:
toccata |
"touch"
showcase piece for virtuosity organ work |
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Baroque music:
passacaglia |
variations over a slow, stately dance theme in triple time
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Baroque music:
Fugue |
"flight"
composition based on imitative counterpoint SubjectAnswer/Countersubject SubjectAnswer/Countersubject Subject Subject Episodes Inversion Retrograde Augmentation Diminution |
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Baroque music:
Cantata |
multi-movement compositions for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra
similar to an oratorio, just shorter General Format: Chorus Recitative Duet Chorus Recitative Duet Chorale |
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Baroque music:
Passion |
Oratorios based on the last week of Christ's life
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Define:
Oratorio |
no staging/acting
all singing |
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Who wrote The Four Seasons?
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Vivaldi
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Vivaldi wrote what piece of Baroque music?
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The Four Seasons
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Who wrote the Baroque opera Dido and Aeneas?
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Henry Purcell
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What Baroque opera did Henry Purcell write?
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Dido and Aeneas
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Who composed the Brandenburg Concertos?
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Bach
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Who composed Cantata 140, Sleepers Awake?
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Bach
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Who composed the St. Matthew Passion?
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Bach
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Who composed the B Minor Mass?
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Bach
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Who is associated the Art of the Fugue, Goldberg Variations, and Musical Offering?
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Bach
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Who was the patron for Bach's organ works?
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Duke of Weimar
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Who was the patron for Bach's secular works?
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Cothen
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Who was the patron for Bach's greatest religious works?
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Leipzig
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Bach created what kind of work under the Duke of Weimar?
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Organ
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Bach created what kind of work under Cothen?
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secular
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Bach created what kind of work under Leipzig?
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religious
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Handel wrote what famous oratorio?
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the Messiah
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What is a suite?
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series of dance compositions
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For what purpose were the Water Music and the Music for the Royal Fireworks written?
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entertainment for the barge trip to Chelsea
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Compare and contrast Bach and Handel
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Handel:
cosmopolitan well-known ever since his day Old Testament specialized in opera Bach: New Testament Mysticism not always part of the repetoire |
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What are the conventions of Italian opera?
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historical or mythical subjects with little action
idealized, unrealistic characters elaborate vocal acrobats star system of the Castrati |
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Who wrote the Beggar's Opera?
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John Gay
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How is the Messiah organized?
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Prophecies of Christ
Mortal ministry Rejoicing and Thanksgiving |
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Where and when did the piece debut?
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Dublin
1742 |
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What was the Beggar's Opera about?
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satirical
parodied other arias |
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Who wrote the Messiah?
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Handel
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Who made the statement, "After me, the Deluge"?
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Louis XV-referencing civil war or somethin
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Who is Madame da Pompadour? Why is she significant?
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Patron of Rococo arts
Brought women to new status as entertainers w salons, etc mistress and friend of the King appointed people to high positions and such gifted musician and artist |
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Enlightenment worldview
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Human beings are rational creatures who are fundamentally good
3M universe laws discovered through observation and rational analysis truth is quantifiable public good>private happiness optimism in human potential |
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How does the Encyclopedie develop out of the enlightened worldview?
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truth is quantifiable: everything that exists can be known
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What is the Enlightenment view of political systems?
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John Locke: Two Treatises on Government
-social contract between governed and government Jean Jacques Rousseau: Social Contract -men are born free, but everywhere are in chains. Rise up and cast off the shackles |
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What is the Enlightenment view of social structure and reform?
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public education-give equal opportunity to succeed, informed public=influence later gov't
clean up slums and penal reform |
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What is the Enlightenment view of economics?
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laissez-faire
supply and demand everyone will be industrious |
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What is the Enlightenment view of religion?
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mechanistic atheism
Deism freedom of religion new sects, creeds |
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What is the Enlightenment view of morality?
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laziness and cowardice impede enlightenment
love=work, courage, attention action in spite of fear self-incurred tutelage bring injustice to the public eye |
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What is the Enlightenment view of art and beauty?
|
social satire: ridicule to correct
reacts against Rococo supports sensibility reflect moral ideals, didactic inspires neoclassicism |
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Who wrote "What is Enlightenment"?
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Kant
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What are the two major impediments to enlightenment, according to Kant?
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Laziness and cowardice
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How does Kant distinguish between private and public use of reason?
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private: write your congressman to complain about taxes and seek reform
public: keep paying taxes in the meantime |
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What is Kant's attitude toward religion?
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cosmic clock-maker, doesn't intervene
maybe? |
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Who wrote the Encyclopedie?
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Diderot
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Who wrote Two Treatises on Government?
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John Locke
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Who wrote The Social Contract?
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Rousseau
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Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?
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Adam Smith
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What ideas does Smith present in The Wealth of Nations about the ideal economic system?
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supply and demand
laissez-faire |
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Who wrote Theodicy?
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Leibnitz
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In Theodicy, what are the main arguments propounded by Leibnitz to justify the reality of evil in the world?
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Theodicy: a vindication of God's justice
Evil is necessary to bring about a greater good Evil is necessary for free agency mathematics? |
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What are the tenets of the Philosophy of Optimism?
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all's for the best in the best of all possible worlds
the greatest good for the greatest number |
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Why is the Philosophy of Optimism NOT and optimistic perspective as regards the individual? How is Leibnitz's use of "optimism" different from the term in common parlance and everyday semantics?
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best for society=/=best for individual
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What is meant by the Great Chain of Being?
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God, as the ultimate good, down to the dust-the least good
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What is a plenum?
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fullness
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In Alexander Pope's poem Essay on Man, what arguments from Leibniz's Theodicy and Philosophy of Optimism can be identified?
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vindicate the ways of God to man
great chain general good etc... |
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Who wrote the poem Essay on Man?
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Alexander Pope
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What poem did Alexander Pope write?
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Essay on Man
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What was Voltaire's attitude towards religion, particularly Christianity as practiced in his day? What were Voltaire's beliefs concerning God?
|
Theism
-worships by doing good -opposed to organized religion -Sermon on the Mount serves as the only viable moral foundation |
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What event in particular inspired the writing of Candide?
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Lisbon earthquake of 1755
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What is wrong with Alexander Pope's statement that "whatever is, is right" ?
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Fatalism
Complacency |
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What do the names of the characters signify?
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Candide: honesty, innocence
Pangloss: all talk, no original thought Cunegonde: medieval damsel, becomes the antithesis thereof James: anabaptist, charitable, free will Martin: inherently corrupt mankind |
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How does the novel rebut the Philosophy of Optimism?
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Earthquake:
Catholics in cathedrals all killed Red light district preserved nature and causality |
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What does the term Rococo mean?
|
Barocco=irregular pearl
+ rocailles=small stones + coquilles=shells |
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What are the principle characteristics of Rococo sacred architecture?
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long low entrance way
theatre setup same elaborate ornamentation as Baroque, just lighter |
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What does Voltaire mean when he says "we must cultivate our garden"?
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meliorism
work is a way to make life tolerable work may bring answers antidote to loneliness essential to self-realization |
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Where are most Rococo churches located and why?
|
outside of France?
only example given: German countryside. I dunno. |
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What are the distinctive characteristics of Watteau's style?
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commedia dell'arte
fete galante |
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What are the characteristics of Chardin's work?
|
still life paintings of commonplace objects
genre scenes of simple people engaged in everyday acts master of textures geometric clarity of compositions |
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What is significant about Hogarth's work?
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social satire: Marriage a la Mode
illegal reproductions led to the first copyright laws wrote neoclassical treatises on art, discussed S curve, or line of beauty |
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What are the characteristics of Classical music as opposed to the Baroque style?
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controlled emotional forces
varied bass (as opposed to the Baroque basso continuo) homophony (polyphony only for variety) tuneful melodies and pleasing harmony gradual dynamic changes new and improved instruments larger orchestra new forms and compositions |
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What are the four movements of a sonata?
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Sonata Allegro
Theme and Variation Minuet and Trio* Rondo (usually) *eliminated in concerto |
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What was the importance of Manheim for the classical style?
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gradual dynamic changes-no more step dynamics
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What is the Manheim Steamroller?
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crescendo
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Outline the form and indicate where it would typically be employed in a multi-movement composition such as a symphony:
Theme and variation |
A1 A2 A3 A4
2nd movement |
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Outline the form and indicate where it would typically be employed in a multi-movement composition such as a symphony:
rondo |
A B A C A
fourth |
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Outline the form and indicate where it would typically be employed in a multi-movement composition such as a symphony:
minuet and trio |
A B A
all triple time third eliminated from concerto |
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Outline the form and indicate where it would typically be employed in a multi-movement composition such as a symphony:
sonata form/sonata allegro form *know in detail |
1st movement
Exposition: theme 1--->bridge---->theme 2 (home key-->related key) Development Recapitulation theme 1--->bridge---->theme 2-->coda (home key) |
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Which style of music has basso continuo?
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Baroque
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Which style of music has a varied bass?
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Classical
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Define:
sonata |
extended musical composition for one or more instruments in four movements, each of which has a different form and mood
solo instrument, may or may not have accompaniment |
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Define:
symphony |
extended musical composition for one or more instruments in four movements, each of which has a different form and mood
orchestra |
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Define:
trio, quartet, quintet |
extended musical composition for one or more instruments in four movements, each of which has a different form and mood
sonatas for three, four, or five instruments |
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Define:
concerto |
extended musical composition for one or more instruments in THREE movements, each of which has a different form and mood
solo instrument and orchestra |
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Explain why it is called "sonata allegro"
|
most significant identifying mark of the sonata
always at an allegro tempo |
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What is the tempo and mood of the theme and variation form?
|
slow, lyrical
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What is the tempo and mood of the minuet and trio?
|
moderately fast
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What is the tempo and mood of the rondo?
|
quick, lively
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|
|
How did Haydn react to the patronage system?
|
Well! He worked for the Esterhazy family
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How did Mozart react to the patronage system?
|
Poorly. He hated being a servant and felt underappreciated
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Who wrote the music for Don Giovanni?
|
Mozart
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Who wrote the libretto for Don Giovanni?
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da Ponte
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What did Mozart contribute to music literature?
|
piano concertos
operas |
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What did Haydn contribute to music literature?
|
string quartets
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How did Haydn get his nickname "Papa Haydn"?
|
considered the father of the string quartet and the symphony
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Who wrote Symphony no 94 in G Major, "The Surprise" ?
|
Haydn
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Define:
libretto |
the words of an opera
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Define:
opera buffa |
comedic opera
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What does K mean in Mozart's composition titles?
|
the opus number in the catalog of Mozart's works
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What factors influenced the development of the Neoclassical style?
|
Enlightenment:
react against Rococo connection between ethics and aesthetics revolutionary spirit Pompeii and Herculaneum Writings of Winckelmann |
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Who was Winckelmann?
|
Wrote "Thoughts on the Imitation of Greek Art in Painting and Sculpture"
First art historian, began classifying art into styles-not writing about contemporaries founder of archaeology as a science |
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Who wrote Thoughts on the Imitation of Greek Art in Painting and Sculpture?
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Winckelmann
|
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Who introduced art history and archaeology into the world?
|
Winckelmann
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Why should ancient Greek art serve as the model for all modern artists according to Winckelmann?
|
source of good taste
timeless ideals ideal human beauty |
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What is the most prominent characteristic of the Greek masterpieces?
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noble simplicity and silent grandeur
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What Hellenistic statue represents Winckelmann's ideal?
|
Laocoon
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What started the French Revolution?
|
Storming of the Bastille
|
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Who lead the Reign of Terror?
|
Robespierre
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|
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What were the political ideals of the French Revolution?
|
pro-republic, anti-monarchy
|
|
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What were the religious ideals of the French Revolution?
|
religion of Reason, rejected Christianity
|
|
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What were the social ideals of the French Revolution?
|
liberty
equality fraternity |
|
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What were the economic ideals of the French Revolution?
|
equal opportunity to pursue wealth
|
|
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What were the moral ideals of the French Revolution?
|
stoical virtue
Spartan discipline self-sacrifice |
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How was Rome a model for both the Revolution and Napoleon's reign?
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Republican Rome=Revolution
Imperial Rome=Napoleon |
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|
Where was the Roman revival centered?
|
France
|
|
|
How was the Greek revival manifest in EUrope?
|
British Museum
Brandenburg Gate, Germany |
|
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Where did the Greek and Roman revivals converge?
|
U! S! Aaaaaaaaaaay
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|
|
What was Neoclassicism referred to as in America?
|
Federal Style
|
|
|
What building influenced the Virginia Capital?
|
Maison Carree, a Roman Temple in France
|
|
|
What building influenced the Rotunda at the University of Virginia?
|
Pantheon
|
|
|
Who designed the Treasury Building in Washington DC?
|
Robert Mills
|
|
|
Robert Mills designed what building?
|
Treasury Building in Washington DC
|
|
|
Beethoven's biography and philosophy
|
volatile temper
orderly only in music wrote and rewrote his pieces |
|
|
What was the inspiration for Beethoven's sixth?
|
nature
|
|
|
In what respects is Beethoven's sixth Romantic?
|
breaks from Classical norms a wee bit? I've no idea
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|
|
How was Beethoven a revolutionary?
|
father forcing him to practice equated with political oppression later in life
never worked with a patron, succeeded independently violent performances compositions |
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What is significant about Piano Sonata No. 23 in f minor, aka Appassionata?
|
played very violently
|
|
|
What is significant about Symphony No. 3 in E flat, aka Eroica
|
Break with Classical structure:
1st movement longer than many symphonies 2nd movement funeral march 3rd movement scherzo written for Napoleon at first |
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How does Beethoven's ninth break classical bounds?
|
super long
and other stuff |
|
|
What is the significance of the 4 note motif in Beethoven's Fifth?
|
I will take fate by the throat-it will not overcome me
Victory code of the British, Allies, etc |
|
|
What is significant about Beethoven's ninth?
|
Ode to Joy
|
|
|
Who wrote the poem for Ode to Joy?
|
Schiller
|
|
|
Versailles
|
|
|
Versailles
garden facade |
|
|
Versailles
Hall of Mirrors |
|
|
Rubens
Henry IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie de' Medici Free/High Baroque |
|
|
Rubens
Garden of Love Free/High Baroque |
|
|
Rubens
Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus Free/High Baroque |
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|
|
Poussin
Rape of the Sabine Women Academic Baroque |
|
|
Poussin
Et in Arcadia Ergo Academic Baroque |
|
|
Claude Lorrain
Disembarkation of Cleopatra at Tarsus Academic Baroque |
|
|
Perrault
Louvre East Facade |
|
|
Inigo Jones
Banqueting House, White Hall English Baroque |
|
|
Inigo Jones
Interior Banqueting House English Baroque |
|
|
Salon de la Princesse
Hotel de Soubise Paris, France |
|
|
Zimmerman
Weiskirche Bavaria |
|
|
Who designed the Belvedere Palace?
|
Hildebrandt
|
|
|
Where is the Belvedere Palace?
|
Vienna
|
|
|
Who designed Weiskirche?
|
Zimmerman
|
|
|
Where is Wieskirche?
|
Bavaria
|
|
|
Who designed the Bishop's Palace?
|
Neumann
|
|
|
Where is the Bishop's Palace?
|
Wurzburg
|
|
|
Who painted the frescoes in the Bishop's Palace in Wurzburg?
|
Tiepolo
|
|
|
Who painted Lute Player with Wine?
|
Frans Hals
|
|
|
Who painted Mother and Child?
|
Pieter de Hooch
|
|
|
Who painted View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen?
|
Ruisdael
|
|
|
Who painted View of Delft?
|
Vermeer
|
|
|
Who painted Officer and Laughing Girl?
|
Vermeer
|
|
|
Who painted the Art of Painting?
|
Jan Vermeer
|
|
|
Who painted The Concert?
|
Jan Vermeer
|
|
|
Who painted the Happy Company?
|
Jan Steen
|
|
|
Who painted the Music Party?
|
Watteau
|
|
|
Who painted Gersaint's Signboard?
|
Wattaeu
|
|
|
Who painted the Toilet of Venus?
|
Boucher
|
|
|
Who painted Marie Antoinette with Her Children?
|
Lebrun
|
|
|
Who painted Saying Grace?
|
Chardin
|
|
|
Who painted Still Life: plum peach water pitcher?
|
Chardin
|
|
|
Who painted the Coutness's Levee?
|
Hogarth
|
|
|
Who painted the Village Bride?
|
Greuze
|
|
|
Who painted the Lictors Bringing Back to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons?
|
David
|
|
|
Who painted Madame Recamier?
|
David
|
|
|
Who designed La Madeleine?
|
Vignon
|
|
|
Who designed the interior of La Madeleine?
|
Demachy
|
|
|
Who painted the Apotheosis of Homer?
|
Ingres
|
