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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 steps of evidence based practice? |
The 5 A’s Ask the question Access the information Appraise the evidence Apply the information Audit the outcome |
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Why is quantitative data important and what can be gathered from it? |
Gives us data that can be measured; statistics, percentages etc. results are unbiased. |
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What are the strengths and limitations of quantitative? |
Doesn’t tell us why or give us the bigger picture. Is less detailed |
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Why is qualitative research important? |
Gives us details about the data collected |
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What are the 7 levels of the evidence pyramid? |
Systematic reviews Critically appraised topics (evidence synthesis and guidelines) Critically appraised individual articles (synopsis) RCT’s Cohort studies Case-controlled studies Background information/expert opinion |
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Applying evidence based practice includes combining it with what? |
Research evidence Practice context Patient values/circumstances Clinical expertise |
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What is the Haynes hierarchy? |
A pyramid made up of pre-appraised evidence |
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What are cohort studies? |
Observational studies. Participants have already been exposed to a risk factor and are followed over a period of time to observe whether disease develops or not, or observe how a disease progresses |
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What are case control studies? |
When a case (disease) is studied against a control group with no disease. Their histories are examined to identify contributing factors to disease |
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What are the bottom study level of the pyramid? |
Ideas Opinions Anecdotes Editorials |
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What are the 5 considerations when appraising evidence? |
The currency of the study Bias Similarity of study to your patient Study size Whether study is appropriate to your clinical question |
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What are the 5 considerations when appraising evidence? |
The currency of the study Bias Similarity of study to your patient Study size Whether study is appropriate to your clinical question |
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What is standard deviation? |
It is the varying range away from the mean. Determines the amount of variation in a set of values |
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What are the 5 considerations when appraising evidence? |
The currency of the study Bias Similarity of study to your patient Study size Whether study is appropriate to your clinical question |
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What is standard deviation? |
It is the varying range away from the mean. Determines the amount of variation in a set of values |
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What is beneficence |
Ensures that the benefits of a study outweigh the risk, and whether the study is worth going ahead with if risks are present |
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What are categorically variables |
Variables within 2 or more categories (I.e. hair colour) |
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What are categorically variables |
Variables within 2 or more categories (I.e. hair colour) |
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What are ordinal variables |
Variables that are ordered, but the interval in between is unequal (I.e. education level, income) |
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What are categorically variables |
Variables within 2 or more categories (I.e. hair colour) |
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What are ordinal variables |
Variables that are ordered, but the interval in between is unequal (I.e. education level, income) |
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What are interval variables |
Numerical with equal intervals |
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What test is used for categorical variables? |
Chi-square |
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What test is used for categorical variables? |
Chi-square |
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What test is used for continuous variables |
T test |
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What test is used for categorical variables? |
Chi-square |
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What test is used for continuous variables |
T test |
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When are paired and unpaired t tests used |
Paired t tests are used when the same group is tested at different points in time (before and after study) Unpaired are used for two different groups |
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What are cross-sectional studies |
A snapshot. They look at a population at a single point in time |
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What does non-maleficence mean |
Do no harm |
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What is jistice |
Fair and equal treatment. Eg: Someone does not miss out on treatment because a study doesn’t cater to them |
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Why are case studies/reports/series |
Follow individual people or groups. Can be used for abnormal behaviour or unexplained outcome to treatment |
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Name the 4 types of research designs used in QnQ research? What are their subcategories? |
Experimental trials (rcts) Observational studies (analytical and descriptive) Analytical studies (cohort, case control and cross-sectional) Descriptive studies (case series/reports/studies) |
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What is sampling? |
A small group taken from a population. In order to be a good sample, they need to random and represent the population. |
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What is the empirical rule in statistics bell curve? |
That 68% of data falls between -1 to 1 standard deviation 95% of data falls between -2 to 2 SD’s |
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What is the mode |
Value that appears most often in a data set |
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What does data analysis mean |
The process of making sense of data to convert to results |
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What are inferential statistics |
Methods that analyse a sample and make inferences/predictions about a population |
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What are descriptive statistics? |
Methods that summarise and organise quantitative data |
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What is autonomy |
Respect people as self-determining choosers that need informed consent |
