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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the 3 address buses |
CAD Control Address Data |
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What is meant by Bidirectional Bus |
It can carry data in either direction |
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Name 2 bidirectional buses |
Data Bus Control Bus |
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What is meant by unidirectional bus |
It moves in one direction |
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Name a undirectional bus |
Address bus |
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What does the Control bus do C |
Carries data that controls the actions of a PC C |
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What does an Address bus do A |
Carries the address of the piece of memory or I/O device to be read or written to A |
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What does a Data bus do D |
Carries data to be read or written to and from the memory D |
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Name the 3 buses |
No. 34, 33 & 52 ok Control, Address, Data CAD |
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Name two main types of memory characteristics |
Non Volatile Volatile |
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Explain what is meant by Volatile memory |
when the power is turned off all data is lost |
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Explain what is meant by Non Volatile memory |
when the power is turned off all data is not lost |
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Name 2 examples of Volatile memory and where they could be used in a PC |
RAM DRAM main PC SD RAM Static RAM level 1 and 2 Cache |
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Name 2 examples of non volatile memory and where it can be used in a PC |
ROM used in BIOS(basic input/output system) EEPROM - SSD Solid State Drives EEPROM - Flash drives |
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The CPU handles data in what sized bit |
8 |
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What is the name for a 8 bit block |
Byte |
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What is the transaction between the CPU and memory called |
Bus Cycle |
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The width of the system memory bus must match the number of data bits per ....... of the CPU |
cycle |
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Define 6 steps of the memory read process |
location of data to be read is passed to memory Address bus chip that holds memory is made ready delay is allowed let memory settle Data is placed on data bus Control unit unit of processor turns on read line of the control bus Data is placed into the Memory Data Register |
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List the 3 component parts of the CPU |
ALU Arithmatic and Logic Unit Control Unit Registers |
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Whats a Bit |
A single Binary digIT |
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Whats a Byte |
A sequence if 8 bits |
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Whats a word |
A sequence of bits either 16, 32 or 64 bits depending on the computer |
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List the registers in a CPU |
Instruction Register Memory Data Register Memory Address Register Program Counter Accumulator General Purpose Registers MA GIMP |
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The speed of the processor is described as ..... ...... |
Clock Speed |
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What does IDE stand for |
Integrated Drive Electronics |
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What does SCSI stand for |
Small Computer Systems Interface |
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What does RAID stand for |
Redundant Array of Independent Disks |
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How are I/O devices attached to the CPU |
via the I/O interface and the I/O bus |
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Describe the 4 steps for an I/O device to communicate with the CPU |
Device communicates to the I/O interface I/O interface communicates with the I/O bus I/O bus transfer data to the hardware register Data is moved from the register to memory to be stored |
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What does the I/O interface need to function |
Buffer space to allow the data being transfered to be stored until the hardware is ready A control bit to start and stop transfers A flag to signal when transfers are completed |
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What do all peripherals need to function with a computer |
devise drivers |
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Define polling |
it was a process of interaction between peripheral and CPU where the CPU would "poll" all perishers to see if they needed anything |
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Define Interrupts |
this is where peripheral contact the CPU to advise they have data or need attention |
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What does ISR stand for |
Interrupt Service Routine The ISR is also know as the Interrupt handler program |
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What are the 7 steps of the sequence of Interrupts |
Interrupt raised Current CPU instruction is completed Content of interrupt registers are stored in the stack Memory address of the ISR is found and transfer controlled ISR is run Internal register contents are restored from stack Original process continues from where it was stopped |
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What is a nested Interupt system |
Its a hierarchy of handling interrupts |
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Name the 2 main types of Interrupts |
Software Hardware |
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UNIVAC stands for |
Universal Automatic Computer |
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ASCII stands for |
American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
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EBCDIC stands for |
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code |
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FORTRAN stands for |
Formula Translation |
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The output quality of a printer is measured in |
Dots per sq. inch |
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What is the number of read-write heads in the drive for a 9-track magnetic tape |
Oh come on waken up we told you its a 9 track tape soooooooo |
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List the 6 best known Operating Systems |
Single Processor 1 cpu Multi Processor more than 1 cpu Networked Systems LAN-WAN Multi-tasking Systems Real Time Systems controls robots machinery Distributed Systems:- connected computers that work autonomously |
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Define Single Processor |
1 CPU |
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Define Multi Processor |
more than 1 CPU |
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Define Networked Systems |
LAN-WAN |
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Define Multi-tasking Systems |
completes many tasks simultaneously |
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Define Real Time Systems |
controls robots machinery |
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Define Distributed Systems |
connected computers that work autonomously |
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Describe the 5 layers of the Operating system |
from the center out Kernal Memory Management Input/output File Management User Interface |
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what is controls can be found on a GUI |
check boxes radio buttons list boxes edit boxes buttons |
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What a disadvantage of file locking |
when one user is using the file the entire file is locked even though they may only be using a small piece of it |
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what is record or block locking |
when a file is split into sections(blocks) and the section being used is locked to allow access from other users to other parts of the file |
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what are the 4 attributes that can be set by the user in fat32 |
archive system hidden read only |
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what is the largest file on fat32 |
4gb technically 4gb minus 2bytes |
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what is the benefit of NTFS over Fat32 |
encryption compression supports larger files can automatically recover some disk errors that fat 32 can't |
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What is the first sector of an NTFS file system |
Partition Boot Sector |
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What is the second sector of an NTFS file system |
MFT Master File Table |
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What is the third sector of an NTFS file system |
System files |
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What is the forth sector of an NTFS file system |
File Area |
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Name the 4 sectors of the NTFS file system |
Partition Boot Sector Master File Table System Files File area |
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Which Microsoft file system is the only one to allow permissions to be assigned to individual files |
Yes, keep up we're talking NTFS |
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What are the first 16 bits of the MFT reserved for |
Special Information or more commonly know as Metadata |
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What does MFT stand for |
Master File table |
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What is the first two records contained in the MFT |
A description of the MFT a mirror of the MFT(this can move to other positions depending on the version of NTFS) |
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What layer controls all communication with external devices |
Input/Output |
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How are process from an I/O device into the system |
Via a interrupt |
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What layer decides what process is required to deal with an interrupt |
Kernal |
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What are the 2 main catagories of input/output and describe them |
Charactor, single numbers or charactors from say a keyboard, joystick, mouse etc Block, deal with larger blocks of data eg reading/writing to disk |
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The interrupt can also transfer data into memory by itself, what is this process called |
Direct Memory Access |
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Where is DMA Direct Memory Access used |
when ever a large amount of data needs to be transferred between a devise and contiguous (close/side by side) memory |
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Describe the I/O process for DMA |
The I/O process tells the device where to start writing the data when to stop another interrupt is sent when the devise has sent all the data the I/O devise tell the requesting process that the data has been read/written |
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Where does the I/O system hold print jobs |
In the print queue |
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What is the name of the file where printer documents are queued |
Spool file |
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Describe the 5 layers of the Operating System |
from the center out Kernal Memory Management Input/output File Management User Interface Keep My F..... Input Useful |
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What is virtual memory |
hard disk space used by the memory due to a lack of available memory |
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what is the file name for virtual memory |
Page file or swap file |
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how does a program know where a piece of data is on a swap file |
There is a page table held on the page file |
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In the case of Memory what is meant by segmentation |
Segmentation allows memory to be divided in to variable sized blocks |
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What is the advantage of segmentation |
It allows more effective use of memory as each a suitably sized block can be used for a similar size file rather than one size fits all |
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What else can segmentation be used for |
security, it can check to see if a program is allowed access to a memory location |
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What is the kernal responsible for |
Multi tasking Process control exception handing Interrupt processing |
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what is the difference between exception handling and interrupt processing |
Exception handling is when a device needs access to the cpu like here as you scroll down to the next card Interrupt processing is when it is already part of a program know as standard application execution |
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what does ISR stand for |
Interrupt service handler |
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What is an Application |
A self-contained program or piece of software designed to fulfill a particular purpose; an application Word, Excel |
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What is an Utility |
An Utility helps to manage, maintain and control computer resources. Operating systems typically contain the necessary tools for this, but separate utility programs can provide improved functionality. Anti virus |
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List 3 types of secuirty software |
Firewall(yes it can be software as well as hardware) Anti-virus Spyware Malware |
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List some malisious program types |
Viruses adware backdoor Trojans(most are back door these days) keylogger rootkits spyware worms |
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Whats the capitol A in ASCII |
65 |
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Whats does ASCII stand for and where is it used |
a map of the character available on a standard keyboard American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
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What is Unicode |
Is the big brother of ASCII it takes into account non English languages like Arabic, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew and Thai where additional characters are needed |
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Name 4 types of Operating Systems |
Multi-User system Multi Processing or Multi Processor Multi Tasking Multi Threading Real time systems |
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Define Multi-User |
More than one user at a time |
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Define Multi Processing |
Support running a program on more than one CPU |
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Define Multi Tasking |
Allows more than one program to run at the same time |
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Define Multi Threading |
allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently |
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Define Real time System |
Responds instantly to input |
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Name the Registers in a CPU |
ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit General purpose register CU Control Unit PC Program Counter MAR Memory address register MDR Memory data register IR Instruction Register |
