History Final

Front 1

British joint - stock companies primarily served what function in the colonies?

Back 1

They funded British colonization efforts through the sale of public stock

Front 2

Dissenter Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for advocating...

Back 2

the complete separate of church and state, challenging the established church

Front 3

Following the system of triangular trade...

Back 3

West Indies sugar and molasses were shipped to Africa and traded for slaves

Front 4

All of the following were motivations of the Spanish conquistadors EXCEPT
A. to challenge English dominance in the new world
B. to establish lucrative trade routes
C. to win fame
D. to exploit natural resources including gold
E. to conquer the native people

Back 4

A. to challenge English dominance in the new world

Front 5

What was an effect of the first great awakening?

Back 5

The separation of American Protestants from the Anglican Church

Front 6

The first PERMANENT English settlement in the new world was established at

Back 6

Jamestown

Front 7

Indentured Servants in the British colonies of North America...

Back 7

Bound themselves to work for a fixed number of years

Front 8

All of the following are true of the Puritans EXCEPT

Back 8

They believed in the innate goodness of man

Front 9

During the First Great Awakening, revivalists ministers preached about the need to...

Back 9

create an emotional connection with God

Front 10

In seventeenth-century America, proprietary colonies

Back 10

formed when British Government officials conferred land grants to individuals.

Front 11

The headright system adopted in the Virginia Colony

Back 11

gave 50 acres of land to anyone who would transport indentured servants to the colony

Front 12

According to the theory of mercantilism, how should a nation build economic strength?

Back 12

By importing raw materials

Front 13

What most directly motivated the Puritans' migration to North America?

Back 13

their desire to escape religious and political persecution in England

Front 14

Which of the following was NOT an element of Navigation Acts (1651-1673)?

Back 14

Americans must produce and sell certain goods also produced in England

Front 15

How are the Pilgrims different from the Puritans?

Back 15

The Pilgrims arrived in New England First,

Obtained a grant of settlement from the London Company, were separatists , and celebrated the first Thanksgiving. (All of the Above)

Front 16

All of the following important colonial cities are correctly paired with the colony EXCEPT...
A. Williamsburg--Virginia
B. Annapolis--Maryland
C. Salem--Rhode Island
D. Charleston--South Carolina
E. New London--Connecticut

Back 16

C. Salem--Rhode Island

Front 17

The chief significance of the Great Awakening was that it

Back 17

Was the first genuine unified movement of the American colonies

Front 18

The main purpose for the founding of the colony of Georgia was to...

Back 18

Create a buffer zone between the Carolinas and Spanish controlled Florida

Front 19

The majority of English Puritans were religious dissenters who

Back 19

Wish to purify Anglican forms of worship

Front 20

The Mayflower Compact could best be described as?

Back 20

a foundation for self-government

Front 21

The survival and expansion of Virginia was do, in part, to

Back 21

The discovery that tobacco would grow well there

Front 22

The first colony in English America that had complete separation of church and state and practiced religious tolerance was

Back 22

Rhode Island

Front 23

In the 17th century the term Great Migration refers to

Back 23

Settlement of Puritans in Massachusetts Bay

Front 24

The Halfway covenant was adopted because

Back 24

To many 2nd and 3rd generation Puritans started to sway from original Puritan religious lifestyles

Front 25

A man's right to vote for governor and members of the General Court in seventeenth-century Massachusetts was based on

Back 25

Church membership

Front 26

Which colonies had the most ethnically, religiously, and racially diverse population in North America?

Back 26

New York and Pennsylvania

Front 27

What is true about Maryland?

Back 27

Maryland was granted a Royal Charter, given to Lord Baltimore

Front 28

Which crop changed the British West Indies from a society of Independence small landowners utilizing white servant labor to a society of large plantation owners utilizing black slave labor?

Back 28

Sugar

Front 29

New York was an English colony because the

Back 29

English conquered the area from the Dutch

Front 30

The important staple for export in colonial Virginia was

Back 30

Tobacco

Front 31

What important court case established freedom of press in the colonies?

Back 31

Zenger Trial

Front 32

Which of the following is an example of conflict in the Virginia Colony?

Back 32

Bacon's Rebellion

Front 33

"Big Three" allies during WWII

Back 33

Soviet Union - Stalin, United Kingdom - Churchill, United States - Roosevelt

Front 34

Teheran Conference

Back 34

December 1943 - A meeting between FDR, Churchill and Stalin in Iran to discuss coordination of military efforts against Germany, they repeated the pledge made in the earlier Moscow Conference to create the United Nations after the war's conclusion to help ensure international peace.

Front 35

Bretton Woods Conference 1944

Back 35

(FDR) , The common name for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in New Hampshire, 44 nations at war with the Axis powers met to create a world bank to stabilize international currency, increase investment in under-developed areas, and speed the economic recovery of Europe.

Front 36

Containment

Back 36

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

Front 37

Marshall Plan

Back 37

Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism.

Front 38

COMECON

Back 38

the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. Soviet dominated group that provided resources to Soviet bloc countries. ends in 1991

Front 39

National Security Act

Back 39

Passed in 1947 in response to perceived threats from the Soviet Union after WWII. It established the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security Council.

Front 40

GI Bill

Back 40

law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

Front 41

"Fair Deal"

Back 41

Truman's extension of the New Deal that increased min wage, expanded Social Security, and constructed low-income housing

Front 42

Taft-Hartley Act

Back 42

a 1947 law giving the president power to halt major strikes by seeking a court injunction and permitting states to forbid requirements in labor contracts that force workers to join a union.

Front 43

Dixiecrats

Back 43

southern Democrats who opposed Truman's position on civil rights. They caused a split in the Democratic party.

Front 44

Strom Thurmond

Back 44

He was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina and as a United States Senator. He also ran for the presidency of the United States in 1948 under the segregationist States Rights Democratic Party banner. This group of "Dixiecrats" broke off from the democrats after Truman's acceptance speech at the 1948 democratic convention in which he asked for an end to segregation

Front 45

Inchon Landing

Back 45

The landing of UN troops, by General Douglas MacArthur, behind enemy lines at Inchon in Korea. In order to push back the North Korean troops.

Front 46

38th Parallel

Back 46

latitudinal line that divided North and South Korea at approximatly the midpoint of the peninsula

Front 47

Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964)

Back 47

U.S. general. Commander of U.S. (later Allied) forces in the southwestern Pacific during World War II, he accepted Japan's surrender in 1945 and administered the ensuing Allied occupation. He was in charge of UN forces in Korea 1950-51, before being forced to relinquish command by President Truman.

Front 48

Yalta Conference

Back 48

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War

Front 49

Potsdam Conference

Back 49

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

Front 50

Cold War

Back 50

The ideological struggle between communism (Soviet Union) and capitalism (United States) for world influence. The Soviet Union and the United States came to the brink of actual war during the Cuban missile crisis but never attacked one another.

Front 51

Atomic Energy Commission

Back 51

a former executive agency (from 1946 to 1974) that was responsible for research into atomic energy and its peacetime uses in the United States

Front 52

Iron Curtain

Back 52

Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.

Front 53

George Kennan

Back 53

an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers.

Front 54

Truman Doctrine

Back 54

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

Front 55

Berlin Blockade/Airlift

Back 55

In 1948, Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States began to airlift supplies into Berlin.

Front 56

HUAC

Back 56

The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda,

Front 57

Alger Hiss

Back 57

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.

Front 58

Whittaker Chambers

Back 58

TIME magazine editor and former communist. Confessed to spying for the Soviet Union during the 1930's. Named fellow spies, some of them in Roosevelt's cabinet. (ALGER HISS)

Front 59

Joseph McCarthy 1950s

Back 59

Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential. "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists

Front 60

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

Back 60

an engineer and his wife who were accused, tried, and executed in the early 1950s for running an espionage ring in New York City that gave atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. long considered unjustly accused to victims of the Red Scare, recent evidence suggests that Julius was indeed a Soviet agent.

Front 61

McCarran Internal Security Act 1950

Back 61

Required Communists to register and prohibited them from working for the government. Truman described it as a long step toward totalitarianism. Was a response to the onset of the Korean war.

Front 62

"McArthyism"

Back 62

Public acusations of disloyalty made with little or no regard to actual evidence. Named after senator Joseph Mcarhy these accusations and the scandal and harm the caused came to symbolize the most virulent form of anticommunism.

Front 63

Army-McCarthy Hearings 1954

Back 63

televised hearings on charges that Senator Joseph McCarthy was unfairly tarnishing the United States Army with charges of communist infiltration into the armed forces. hearings were the beginning of the end for McCarthy, whose bullying tactics were repeatedly demonstrated

Front 64

Robert Taft

Back 64

a Republican United States Senator and a prominent conservative statesman. As the leading opponent of the New Deal in the Senate from 1939 to 1953, he led the successful effort by the conservative coalition to curb the power of labor unions, and was a major proponent of the foreign policy of non-interventionism

Front 65

Suez Crisis

Back 65

Nasser took over the Suez Canal to show separation of Egypt from the West, but Israel, the British, Iraq, and France were all against Nasser's action. The U.S. stepped in before too much serious fighting began.

Front 66

Sputnik

Back 66

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Front 67

Francis Gary Powers

Back 67

pilot of the U-2 plane shot down by the U.S.S.R. (Yes, we were spying and were caught). He didn't die, but was captured. We had to negotiate to get him released. We exchanged Rudolph Abel (A USSR spy we captured) for him.

Front 68

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Back 68

In 1949, the United States, Canada, and ten European nations formed this military mutual-defense pact. In 1955, the Soviet Union countered NATO with the formation of the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance among those nations within its own sphere of influence.

Front 69

Molotov

Back 69

Stalin's foreign minister who declares that Western Democracies are enemies to the Soviet Union

Front 70

Warsaw Pact treaty

Back 70

signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania

Front 71

NSC-68

Back 71

A National Security Council document, approved by President Truman in 1950, developed in response to the Soviet Union's growing influence and nuclear capability. it called for an increase in the US conventional and nuclear forces to carry out the policy of containment

Front 72

Nuremberg Trials

Back 72

Series of trials in 1945 conducted by an International Military Tribunal in which former Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes

Front 73

Brinkmanship

Back 73

A 1956 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national interests

Front 74

John Foster Dulles

Back 74

Eisenhower's Sec. of State, harsh anti-Communist. called for more radical measures to roll back communism where it had already spread (containment too cautious)

Front 75

Eisenhower Doctrine

Back 75

Eisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. Used in the Middle East.

Front 76

Hungarian Revolt

Back 76

When the Hungarians tried to win their freedom from the Communist regime in 1956, they were crushed down by Soviet tanks. There was killing and slaughtering of the rebels going on by military forces.

Front 77

Military-industrial complex

Back 77

Eisenhower first coined this phrase when he warned American against it in his last State of the Union Address. He feared that the combined lobbying efforts of the armed services and industries that contracted with the military would lead to excessive Congressional spending. Eisenhower's Farewell Address spoke of the military-industrial complex, which tied military activity to industrial production tightly, feared that it would become a problem for a democracy because it was too close to becoming dictatorial

Front 78

NASA

Back 78

Founded in 1958 to compete with Russia's space program. It gained prestige and power with Kennedy's charge to reach the moon by the end of the 1960s.

Front 79

ICBM

Back 79

Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles, long-range nuclear missiles capable of being fired at targets on the other side of the globe. The reason behind the Cuban Missile Crisis -- Russia was threatening the U.S. by building launch sites for ICBM's in Cuba.

Front 80

National Defense Education Act 1958

Back 80

law that authorized the use of federal funds to improve the nation's elementary and high schools, inspired by Cold War fears that the United States was falling behind the Soviet Union in the arms and space race, it was directed at improving science, math, and foreign-language education.

Front 81

Nikita Khruschev

Back 81

First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1953-1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin. Chairman of the Council of Ministers 1958-1964. Responsible for the de-Stalinization of the USSR, several liberal reforms ranging from agriculture to foreign policies. Party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev.

Front 82

Berlin Crisis

Back 82

Standoff between Khrushchev and Kennedy over control of West Germany. West Germany stays under western control, but Khrushchev builds the Berlin Wall as a result. (major foreign policy tests faced by the Kennedy Administration)

Front 83

Fidel Castro

Back 83

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba.

Front 84

Bay of Pigs

Back 84

In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure.

Front 85

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 85

an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island. the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later.