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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how was Russia ruled by tsar before February revolution |
Russia was an autocracy Duma failed to present people's views the tsar used his secret police to get rid of people who opposed him |
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why was the tsar a weak leader |
he avoided making important decisions he tried to get involved in everything which wasn't good as Russia was so big and tasks had to be shared out autocracy only worked if the tsar was strong but Nicholas wasn't a strong character he showed little understanding of politics and how to run |
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when was Bloody Sunday |
1905 |
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what caused Bloody Sunday |
bad harvests in 1900-1902 Russia was at war with Japan which was disastrous and embarrassing- it produced food shortages and peasants and workers were forced to join the army people were fed up of a poor life- low wages and bad working conditions |
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what happened at Bloody Sunday |
200,000 protestors stood outside tsars winter palace and protested as they wanted the war with Japan to end and higher wages and better working conditions the tsars soldiers fired on the crowd killing hundreds |
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what were the effects of Bloody Sunday |
chaos spread throughout the country - there were strikes and riots and revolt in the navy strikers formed Soviets - workers council to organise strikes tsar issued the October manifesto to stop further chaos |
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what did the October manifesto promise |
freedom of speech a national Duma end to censorship the right to form other political parties |
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what were problems in Russia in 1917 |
it was huge so communications were difficult, roads were slow and railways were limited to a fraction of the country farming methods were old fashioned and slow population was rising so more food was needed which resulted in food shortages |
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what did Constitutionalists want |
they were middle class wanted a democratic style government wanted tsars power limited by an elected parliament and constitution |
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what did revolutionaries want |
wanted to overthrow tsar wanted peasants to rule biggest groups were social democrats (Bolsheviks) and social revolutionaries |
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what did social democrats want |
a revolution by the workers |
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who were Bolsheviks led by and what did they want |
led by Lenin wanted a small party who would organise revolution led by workers in towns |
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who were Mensheviks led by and what did they want |
led by Trotsky wanted a mass party and were prepared for slow change |
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what were the effects of WW1 on Russia in 1917 |
in 1915 the tsar took personal command of the army and so became unpopular as Russia faced humiliating defeats the tsar left the tsarina in charge of Russia and many didn't trust her and didn't like the influence Rasputin had- made tsar more unpopular there were shortages of fuel and food because workers and farmers were sent to fight in the war so was hard to keep factory production up |
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when was there a revolution in Russia |
February 1917 |
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why did this happen |
tsar left tsarina in charge so he was out of touch with the growth of anger in people food shortages because Russia was at war very cold winter meant food supplies were cut to towns and cities - prices got higher and food was rationed. made people angry and hungry |
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what happened in February revolution |
strikes. people demanded food tsar lost support and control - ordered soldiers to shoot and mobs but many refused and joined the others soldiers and workers fought together to capture main weapons store. they fought the police Duma took control and set up provisional government to take control |
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effects of February 1917 revolution |
provisional government - new government could face opposition from revolutionaries who wanted power (Bolsheviks) the Petrograd soviet issued order number 1 to the army in Petrograd- said army must obey PG tsar abdication |
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why did February revolution succeed |
army joined the people bringing weapons before this people didn't have organised revolution the suddenness of it and the way tsar made it worse by ordering troops to fire was important the army then became an important part of Petrograd soviet and getting PG accepted |
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weaknesses of PG |
No real power- needed support of army to stay in power Saw itself as temporary so waited for new government to tackle big problems sent more troops to fight but supplies and leadership still poor |
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was the PG's failure to stop the war the most important reason for its unpopularity ? |
Back (Definition) |
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how did Bolshevik power grow before the October revolution in 1917 |
Lenin was in exile in Germany during the February revolution. a month after tsar abdicated and Lenin returned to Russia Lenin wanted to get rid of PG with a second revolution of the working classes (factory workers) lenins views were published in April theses 1917 Bolsheviks offered "break leave and land and all power to the soviets" and gained support because they offered change and promised to end war during July there were riots and protests that that PG was acting like tsar |
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explain effects of kornilov revolt |
kerensky had to give Bolsheviks weapons to save the Pg from a military takeover (these weapons were later used by red army against the pg in October revolution) pg lost support of the army and Bolsheviks were now the real power in Russia Lenin encouraged Trotsky to prepare to seize power |
